Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780470458365
Author: Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Let A E Cnxn; that is, A corresponds to a linear operator C" → C".
Define the Hermitian transpose A* of A via the property that
(Ах) у — х: (А'у)
for all x, у Е С"
(Ac)
(recall that here we need to use the inner product on C", which is the complex dot
product defined by x y := x"y = E-1 c;Y5).
(i) Prove that the property Ac uniquely defines the matrix A*, by showing that the
matrix entries are given by (A*)ij = aji.
[Hint: use x = e¡, y = e;, where e; is the jth unit basis vector with (e;)k = 8jk.]
= AT (that is, let AH be the matrix with entries
(ii) Going the other way: define A
(A“)ij = aji), and show that
(Ах) у — х:
(A"y)
for all x, у € C".
This demonstrates that AH = AT satisfies the property Ac above.
Together, (a) and (b) show that in the complex case, the matrix with the desired property
Ac– called the Hermitian transpose, or adjoint (typically denoted by A* or A“) – is
given by the (complex) conjugate transpose.
-
(iii) Conclude that for complex-valued matrices, the symmetry property A = A*, that is,
(Ах) у 3D х: (Ау)
for all x, у € С",
(Sc)
is equivalent to aij = aji.
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Transcribed Image Text:Let A E Cnxn; that is, A corresponds to a linear operator C" → C". Define the Hermitian transpose A* of A via the property that (Ах) у — х: (А'у) for all x, у Е С" (Ac) (recall that here we need to use the inner product on C", which is the complex dot product defined by x y := x"y = E-1 c;Y5). (i) Prove that the property Ac uniquely defines the matrix A*, by showing that the matrix entries are given by (A*)ij = aji. [Hint: use x = e¡, y = e;, where e; is the jth unit basis vector with (e;)k = 8jk.] = AT (that is, let AH be the matrix with entries (ii) Going the other way: define A (A“)ij = aji), and show that (Ах) у — х: (A"y) for all x, у € C". This demonstrates that AH = AT satisfies the property Ac above. Together, (a) and (b) show that in the complex case, the matrix with the desired property Ac– called the Hermitian transpose, or adjoint (typically denoted by A* or A“) – is given by the (complex) conjugate transpose. - (iii) Conclude that for complex-valued matrices, the symmetry property A = A*, that is, (Ах) у 3D х: (Ау) for all x, у € С", (Sc) is equivalent to aij = aji.
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