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- Beta-blockers are used to treat cardiovascular disorders because they are antagonists at beta-adrenergic receptors. Within the cell this activity will be seen as? OA) Increased signaling via the G₁ protein B) Increased protein kinase A activity Decreased phospholipase C activity D) Decreased cAMP levels E) Increased inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate levelsThe transforming growth factory beta (TGF-b) family of hormones / growth factors are dimers and they interact with specific receptors. Which of the following statements about these receptors is correct? a) A receptor complex is formed from a type 1 and a type 2 receptor b) A receptor complex is formed between the ligand and the receptor c) This family interacts with a single serine- threonine kinase receptor d) The major receptor is intracellular e) The receptor is a G-protein receptorWhich of the following observations can be explained by the properties of hormone receptors? a) A certain tissue can react to more than one hormone b) A certain hormone affects only a specific tissue, not all tissues c) Some tissues react very quickly to a certain hormone, other tissues take many hours to react to the same hormone
- Which of the following is not a true statement? A.) steroid and thyroid hormone signaling would be impaired if the plasma level of carrier proteins is not optimal. B.) Steroid and thyroid hormone-receptor complexes form dimers when they bind to the hormone-response elements on DNA C.) Epinephrine uses the adenylate cyclase and the phospholipase C second messenger systems D.) signaling by a peptide hormone would be impaired if a second messenger system is not functional in the target cell E.) signaling by a steroid hormone would be hindered if the adenylated cyclase second messenger system is not functional in the target cell.Which of the following statements is true? Question 2 options: a) All cells will respond to the hormonal signal because hormones are broadcast throughout the body. b) The regulation of inflammatory responses at the site of an infection is an example of paracrine signaling. c) Paracrine signaling involves the secretion of stimuli into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the organism. d) The axons of neurons typically signal target cells using membrane-bound signaling molecules that act on receptors in the target cells.1) AFosB can act as both a transcriptional activator and repressor. A) False B) True 2) Both dopamine receptors promote ERK signaling. A) True B) False 3) D1-like and D2-like receptors can promote the same signaling pathways or oppose them. A) False B) True 4) D1-like and D2-like receptors can promote the same signaling pathways or oppose them. A) False B) True Please answer Cell Physiology questions
- Please identify the incorrect statement about hormone signaling: A) Cystolic receptors bind to hydophobic hormones and transport them into the nucleus where they directly influence protein synthesis. B) Hydropholic hormones cannot pass through the plasma membrane without help. Therefore, there are transport proteins that carry the hydrophillic hormones to the cytosol where it can bind its receptor C) Hydrophilic hormone signalling involves membrane receptors that have the ability to activate adenylyl cyclase, producing cAMP. cAMP then affects the activity of numerous proteins in the cytoplam. D) Hydrophobic hormones easily enter the plasma membrane. Therefore, there is no need for hydrophinic hormone receptors to be on the extracellular surface.Select any of the regulator mechanisms that would amplify cAMP signaling. A) Cell produces more adenylyl cyclase B) Cell produces more phosphodiesterase C) A drug inhibits phosphodiesterase D) A drug inhibits phospholipaseDopamine, epinephrine (or norepinephrine) and histamine are important neurotransmitter agonists. When these ligands interact with their cellular receptors, how do they mainly elicit their responses? Choose the correct answer(s) and explain why. a) Activate adenylyl cyclase directly, leading to increased intracellular cAMP levels b) Activate phospholipase C c)Induce or inhibit synthesis of ligand specific intracellular proteins d) Open or close ligand gated ion channels e) Regulate intracellular second messengers through G-protein-coupled receptors
- Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to an intracellular receptor? a) Activation of cAMP b) Activation of genes c) Altered enzyme activities24. To be considered a target cell for a particular hormone, a cell must …. a) be experiencing a disruption in homeostasis. b) be the same cell type as the one that produced the hormone. c) be capable of producing that hormone. d) be located relatively close to the cells that produced the hormone. e) have receptors that recognize and bind to the hormone.37. An investigator is conducting a study of hormone metabolism. A compound is found that inhibits the dimerization of membrane-bound hormone receptors. Patients with which of the following conditions are most likely to benefit from this discovery? A) Acromegaly B) Cushing disease C) Graves disease D) Polycystic ovarian syndrome E) Primary hyperparathyroidism