
Essentials Of Investments
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260013924
Author: Bodie, Zvi, Kane, Alex, MARCUS, Alan J.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Transcribed Image Text:Step 3 - Calculate your Required Rate of Return
The return on short-term U.S. Treasury bills (T-bills) has historically exceeded the rate of inflation by a slight degree. For example, when T-bills pay
2% interest, the inflation rate might be around 1.7%. In this case, T-bills provide almost no gain for the investor, because inflation and income taxes
reduce the return to about zero. Therefore, investors often use the yield on Treasury bills as a base number that provides a zero real rate of return,
that is a zero return on an investment after inflation and income taxes.
To calculate your required rate of return on an investment, multiply the investment's beta value by the estimated market risk and then add the risk-
free T-bill rate as shown in the following equation:
Estimate of the Required Rate of Return on an Investment = T-bill Rate + (Beta x Market Risk)
For example, suppose that the stock for Three-Bean Chili Company has a beta value of 1.6. If you assume a market risk of 8% and the current T-bill
rate is 2.0%, the total rate of return you will require on this investment is
%. (Hint: Round your answer to one decimal place.) In other
words, you would need a promise of a higher rate of return than this percentage in order to justify putting your money at risk in this investment.

Transcribed Image Text:Step 1 - Use the Stock's Beta Value to Estimate the Risk of the Investment
A stock's beta value is a measure of the stock's volatility-that is, how much the stock price varies relative to the rest of the market as a whole. A
stock's beta value can help you to estimate the amount of risk in an investment portfolio.
For example, suppose you have just purchased stock in Three-Bean Chili Company that has a beta value of 1.6. If the average price of all stocks rises
by 20% over a period of time, then you would expect the price of Three-Bean Chili Company stock to rise by
%. However, if the average
price of all stocks falls by 10% over a period of time, then you would expect the price of Three-Bean Chili Company stock to fall by
%.
In general, a stock with a higher beta value is more risky than a stock with a lower beta value.
Step 2 - Estimate the Market Risk
To estimate the required rate of return on an investment, you must first estimate and quantify the market risk. Market risk (also known as
systematic risk) is the risk associated with the effects of the overall market on securities markets. Market risk often causes the market price of a
particular stock or bond to change, even though nothing has changed in the fundamental values underlying that investment.
Historical records indicate that 8 ▼ % represents a realistic estimate of market risk for U.S. stocks. However, in the short term or in times of
economic turbulence, the market risk may be significantly higher ▼
▪
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