Engineers are designing a system by which a falling mass m imparts kinetic energy to a rotating uniform drum to which it is attached by thin, very light wire wrapped around the rim of the drum (the figure (Figure 1)). There is no appreciable friction in the axle of the drum, and everything starts from rest. This system is being tested on earth, but it is to be used on Mars, where the acceleration due to gravity is 3.71 m/s2. In the earth tests, when m is set to 13.0 kg and allowed to fall through 5.00 m, it gives 300.0 J of kinetic energy to the drum. If the system is operated on Mars, through what distance would the 13.0-kg mass have to fall to give the same amount of kinetic energy to the drum? How fast would the 13.0-kg mass be moving on Mars just as the drum gained 300.0 J of kinetic energy?
Angular Momentum
The momentum of an object is given by multiplying its mass and velocity. Momentum is a property of any object that moves with mass. The only difference between angular momentum and linear momentum is that angular momentum deals with moving or spinning objects. A moving particle's linear momentum can be thought of as a measure of its linear motion. The force is proportional to the rate of change of linear momentum. Angular momentum is always directly proportional to mass. In rotational motion, the concept of angular momentum is often used. Since it is a conserved quantity—the total angular momentum of a closed system remains constant—it is a significant quantity in physics. To understand the concept of angular momentum first we need to understand a rigid body and its movement, a position vector that is used to specify the position of particles in space. A rigid body possesses motion it may be linear or rotational. Rotational motion plays important role in angular momentum.
Moment of a Force
The idea of moments is an important concept in physics. It arises from the fact that distance often plays an important part in the interaction of, or in determining the impact of forces on bodies. Moments are often described by their order [first, second, or higher order] based on the power to which the distance has to be raised to understand the phenomenon. Of particular note are the second-order moment of mass (Moment of Inertia) and moments of force.
Engineers are designing a system by which a falling mass m imparts kinetic energy to a rotating uniform drum to which it is attached by thin, very light wire wrapped around the rim of the drum (the figure (Figure 1)). There is no appreciable friction in the axle of the drum, and everything starts from rest. This system is being tested on earth, but it is to be used on Mars, where the acceleration due to gravity is 3.71 m/s2. In the earth tests, when m is set to 13.0 kg and allowed to fall through 5.00 m, it gives 300.0 J of kinetic energy to the drum. If the system is operated on Mars, through what distance would the 13.0-kg mass have to fall to give the same amount of kinetic energy to the drum? How fast would the 13.0-kg mass be moving on Mars just as the drum gained 300.0 J of kinetic energy?
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