Energy of Interaction of Point Charges Coulomb's Law yields an expression for the energy of interaction for a pair of point charges. V = V is the energy (in J) required to bring the two charges from infinite distance separation to distance r (in nm). 21 and Q2 are the charges in terms of electrons. (i.e. the constant in the above expression is 2.31x10-19 J nm electrons 2) d 2.31 x 10-1⁹Q1 Q2 For a group of "point" charges (e.g. ions) the total energy of interaction is the sum of the interaction energies for the individual pairs. Calculate the energy of interaction for the square arrangement of ions shown in the diagram below. (+2) Pº d = 0.900 nm. -2 d +2

Item 5 Answer the following questions related to the chemical bonding in substances containing Cl. (a) What type of chemical bond is present in the Cl2 molecule? (b) Cl2 reacts with the element Sr to form an ionic compound. Based on periodic properties, identify a molecule, X2, that is likely to react with Sr in a way similar to how Cl2 reacts with Sr. Justify your choice.   (c) A graph of potential energy versus internuclear distance for two Cl atoms is given below. On the same graph, carefully sketch a curve that corresponds to potential energy versus internuclear distance for two Br atoms. (d) In the box below, draw a complete Lewis electron-dot diagram for the C2Cl4 molecule.   (e) Answer the following based on the diagram you drew above. (i) What is the hybridization of the CC atoms in C2Cl4?   (ii) What is the approximate chlorine-carbon-chlorine bond angle in C2Cl4? (iii) Is the C2Cl4 molecule…

Using Slater’s rules, calculate the Z* acting upon the first electron to be ionized from Al, Al1+ , Al2+ , and Al3+ , respectively. Discuss your results relative to the expected ionization energies for these species.

C. Write the electron configuration of the following atoms and identify what Family and period do they belong. Determine whether each atom is diamagnetic or paramagnetic. 6. Te52¹27 7. V 2351 8. Bas¹5 137 9. Wa 183 10. Pt78195

24. Which of the following atoms and ions is largest: S²-, S, O², CI-, F- (a). Cl (b). F- (c). S (d). S²- (e). 02-

17. The electron configuration of indium is [Kr]5s²4d¹⁰5p¹. 4 + How many electrons does a neutral atom of indium have? How does this element complete its octet? Indium forms compounds with chlorine; one example is the formation of InCl (indium (I) chloride). What electron do you think indium gave up? Why?

Explain why Xe, and to a limited extent Kr, form com-pounds, where as He, Ne, and Ar do not.

What electron configuration of phosphorus? O 152s2p63s23p°4s²3d104p5 O 152522p63s23p3 1s2252p 3s²3p64s²3d% O 152s2p 3s23p 4s23d104p

Compared to their neutral atom counterparts, ions will have smaller or larger atomic radii due to their losing or gaining electrons. According to Jensen (2010), Linus Pauling assigned the radius of the oxygen anion (O“) at 140 pm (larger than the neutral atom, 66 pm). On the other hand, the magnesium atom loses 95 ppm from its 160 ppm radius when it loses two valence electrons, forming the magnesium ion.  What is the attractive force in nanoNewtons between the magnesium and oxygen ions? Use 2 decimal places.  What is the repulsive force in nanoNewtons between the magnesium and oxygen ions? Use 2 decimal places.

Match the following electron configurations to the correct atoms or ions. v 1s2s2p6 | 152522p63s²3p6 v 152522p 3s23p 4s2 3a8 v 1522s2p63s²3p2 A. Si В. Са 2+ C. Ni D. Na +