Electrophilic nitration of benzoic acid gives almost exclusively 3-nitrobenzoic acid. By drawing the appropriate resonance forms of the intermediate cations resulting from attack of [NO₂]*, explain this result.
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- b) Listed below are several hypothetical nucleophilic substitution reactions. None is synthetically useful because the product indicated is not formed at an appreciable rate. In each case provide an explanation for the failure of the reaction to take place as indicated. OMe HO + OMe + OH HO + CH; OHPropose a mechanism for the conjugate addition of a nucleophile ( Nuc:" ) to acrylonitrile ( CH,=CHCN ). Use resonance forms to show how the cyano group activates the double bond for conjugate addition.Predict the product formed in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and sodium methoxide (NaOCH3). Draw the mechanism for the reaction, showing why the product you have selected is formed.
- Explain the Process of Determining the Mechanism of Nucleophilic Substitution ?Write a mechanism that accounts for the formation of ethyl isopropyl ether as one of the products in the following reaction. CI OEt HCI EtOH Write the mechanism for step one of this reaction. Show lone pairs and formal charges. Only the acidic hydrogen should be drawn out with a covalent bond. Write the mechanism for step two of this reaction (where the product of step one reacts with the solvent, ethanol). Show lone pairs and formal charges. Only the acidic hydrogen should be drawn out with a covalent bond. Write the mechanism for the last step of this reaction (formation of ethyl isopropyl ether). Show lone pairs and formal charges. Only the acidic hydrogen should be drawn out with a covalent bond. CI will act as the base in this reaction.The following substances can be prepared by a nucleophilic addition reaction between an aldehyde or ketoneand a nucleophile. Identify the reactants from which they were prepared. If the substance is an acetal, identifythe carbonyl compound and the alcohol; if it is an imine or enamine, identify the carbonyl compound and theamine. You do not have to consider stereochemistry. In cases where there is more than one answer, just giveone. Use Grignard reagents when an organometallic reagent is required. Draw the Grignard reagent as acovalent magnesium bromide.
- Pleas explain how this process occurs. Identify SN1, SN2, E2, E1, nucleophiles and electrophiles.A chemist needs an ether to use as a solvent for a reaction and wants to synthesize it in one step from two of the following available reagents: sodium ethoxide, bromomethane, potassium tert-butoxide, and 2-bromo-2-methylpropane. i) Which combination(s) will give a good yield of an ether? Illustrate, showing the mechanism of the reaction. ii) Illustrate with a mechanism the reaction of one of the combinations that will not yield an ether?Under acid-catalyzed conditions, epoxides can be opened by a variety of nucleophiles other than water, such as alcohols. In such a case, the nucleophile will generally attack at the more substituted position. Using this information, predict the products for each of the following reactions (a-b): ? 1) RCO-H 2) [H₂SOJ Modify the given structure to draw the major product(s). Use the single bond tool to interconvert between double and single bonds. If a racemic mixture of enantiomers is expected, draw both enantiomers. Note: you can select a structure and use Copy and Paste to save drawing time. CH₂ Edit Drawing A
- Give the products of the following substitution reactions. For every reaction, show electron pairs on both nucleophile and leaving group.When 2-bromo-2-methylbutane is treated with a base, a mixture of 2-methyl-2-butene and 2-methyl-1- butene is produced. When potassium hydroxide is the base, 2-methyl-1-butene accounts for 45% of the product mixture. However, when potassium tert-butoxide is the base, 2-methyl-1-butene accounts for 70% of the product mixture. What percent of 2-methyl-1-butene would be in the mixture if potassium propoxide were the base? base Br A. Less than 45% B. C. 45% Between 45% and 70% D. More than 70%1) Nucleophilic substitution reaction of alkyl halide is a process when nucleophile replace the leaving group of alkyl halide. Propose the mechanism and product(s) for the following substitution reaction.