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Phlebotomy Essentials
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781451194524
Author: Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)
Publisher: JONES+BARTLETT PUBLISHERS, INC.
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Elaborate about the AV node why and how it decreases the action potential
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- Vern, suffering from cardiac arrhythmias, is brought into the emergency room of a hospital. The doctors hook him up to an ECG. He begins to exhibit a decreased R to R interval, and as a result loses consciousness. His anxious partner asks you why he has lost consciousness. a.How would you respond? What is wrong with him, and why did it cause a loss of consciousness. The partner then responds that Vern took nitroglycerine because he was experiencing chest pain known as angina. One of the major side effects of the medication is that the patient will notice a severe headache. b. What does nitroglycerine do? c. How is it administered? d.How does it distribute through the body? e.What is the target cell and mechanism of action on the heart? f. What causes the headache? g.Could the drug have caused the arrhythmia?arrow_forwardDescribe how the barorecptor reflex explains the higher heart rate during standing. Be sure to describe the barorecptors themselves, the nerves that are involved the brain centers involved and the nerves to the heart that control heart rate.arrow_forwardWhich structure is responsible for sending the electrical excitation from the atria towards the ventricles. Left bundle branch Sinoatrial node Right bundle branch Atrioventricular node Purkinje fibersarrow_forward
- During which phase of cardiac cycle is pressure in the aorta the highest? a. atrial systoleb. isovolumetric ventricular contractionc. atrial diastoled. ventricular systolee. isovolumetric relaxationarrow_forwardThe standard EKG consists of 10 sensors that record 12 leads of the heart’s electrical activity from different angles, allowing for a thorough three-dimensional interpretation of its activity. This is transmitted by the electrodes to the equipment to be interpreted and is used to diagnose cardiac medical conditions. In case of an abnormal EKG, the second step would be to use a Holter monitor. How would you explain to your classmates how to perform an EKG (steps)? Where will you place the electrodes when performing and EKG? Why? What are the different lead types, connections, and placements? When you conclude an EKG, what are the different components that you need to observe and confirm before you disconnect the patient? Can you explain the difference between normal, abnormal, and artifacts? What is a Holter monitor? Under what circumstances would one be ordered for a patient? How do you use a Holter monitor? Educate a patient: What you will do before, during, and after an…arrow_forwardWhich fiber system is the first to depolarize in a cardiac cycle? Group of answer choices AV node AV bundle SA node Purkinje fibersarrow_forward
- When the SA node fails, the AV node establishes a new intrinsic heart rate. This will result in Increased parasympathetic output to the SA node Increased blood pressure Increased blood flow through the pulmonary circulation Decreased cardiac output As Decreased sympathetic output to the SA node 20arrow_forwardScenario: A patient arrives at the clinic complaining of an increased heart rate and is feeling some nausea. Multiple tests are performed and an ECG reveals that the patient has abnormal P waves and an unusually fast heart rate. Their blood pressure is also found to be high. Question Stem: If the patient is experiencing increased venous return, what does this tell us about their cardiac output or stroke volume? Answers A - D A Their cardiac output is unaffected and neither is stroke volume Their cardiac output should increase Stroke volume is affected but not cardiac output Their cardiac output should decreasearrow_forward
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