Price (dollars per unit) 30 24 21 18 16 12 O 4 $12 to $18. $18 to $24. $12 to $18. a $12 to $24. 8 MR b 12 LRAC (inflated) LRAC MC In the above figure, if the natural monopoly is regulated using an average cost pricing rule, but the firm can pad its costs and make the regulator believe its costs are LRAC (inflated), then the price the firm charges will increase from D₁ 20 16 Quantity (millions)

Price (dollars per unit) 36 30 2286 24 21 18 16 12 0 h 4 $12 to $18. $18 to $24. $12 to $18. g $12 to $24. 8 e MR; 12 LRAC (inflated) In the above figure, if the natural monopoly is regulated using an average cost pricing rule, but the firm can pad its costs and make the regulator believe its costs are LRAC (inflated), then the price the firm charges will increase from C LRAC MC D₁ 16 20 Quantity (millions)

← Itranscript If the natural monopoly shown in the figure is unregulated it will earn an economic profit of OA. $4 million. OB. $9 million. OC. $2 million. OD. SO, that is, it earns a normal profit. Price and costs (dollars per unit) 1968 -NWA 0 1 2 MR LRAC MC 4 D 3 5 6 Quantity (millions of units) Next MEDAL

Exhibit 10-4 $/0 MC ATC 24 /t 10 The non-discriminating monopolist in Exhibit 10-4 should: O Produce 10 units at a price of $36 per unit. O Produce 10 units at a price of $24 per unit. O Produce 10 units at a price of $40 per unit. O Produce 15 units at a price of $32 per unit. O We cannot determine what the firm should do without knowing its average variable cost.

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What had Alcoa done that made the judge find it guilty of being a monopoly? a. Alcoa had used predatory pricing to keep new firms out of its marketb. Alcoa had engaged in price fixingc. Alcoa had never tried to monopolize the aluminum market, but its policy of building capacity to meet future demand had the effect of giving it a large market share that made it a de facto monopolyd. Alcoa had used tying contracts to drive rivals out of the markete. Alcoa had used price discrimination to acquire a monopoly Following its near bankruptcy in 1922, General Motors pioneered the decentralized management structure in which the firm was reorganized into semi-independent profit centers. Vice-presidents were appointed to manage these profit centers and were told that their bonuses would depend on the profitability of their division. This reorganization was designed to a. reduce management costsb. better capture economies of scalec. create a ratchet effect that would drive managers to perform…

For a single-price monopoly shown in the figure below, when its profit is maximized, output will be 95 19 15 45 65 MR MC ATC D 65 units per year and the price will be $15. O I choose to use one of my three skips on this question. O 45 units per year and the price will be $19. 65 units per year and the price will be $19. O 45 units per year and the price will be $15.

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120 110 100 90 80 70 $ per unit 60 50 % 40 ATC MC 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 Quantity D MR Consider the cost curves of a natural monopoly along with its demand and marginal revenue curves shown in the graph above. What aspect of the graph results in us denoting this as a "natural" monopoly? Marginal cost is upward sloping Marginal cost intersect average total cost at the minimum average total cost Demand intersects the downward sloping portion of average total cost Monopolist makes a profit when marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost