ecoming even more important as they determine their ability to catch up on the developed countries. The many-sidedn
CASE STUDY ON MODERNIZATION THEORY
After the global crisis of 2007-2009, which was predominantly financial in nature, a significant numbers of scientists in the developed countries have started to emphasize the need for modernizing the individual areas of the life of the society to achieve the balance in economy. As a result, nowadays the New economic policy is emerging in the developed countries and it is aimed at addressing systemic, actual concerns based on the introduction of modern tools of modernization. Therefore, the Strategy “EUROPE 2020: Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth” has been developed in Europe. This case provides an example of modernization in terms of restoring industrial output, which is the basis for increasing the competitiveness of the European economy. The United States has repeatedly emphasized the need for neo-industrialization. The tasks of modernization for developing countries are becoming even more important as they determine their ability to catch up on the developed countries. The many-sidedness of the investigated processes is confirmed by the fact that the ideas of modernization are visible, in particular, in the writings of D. Bell (2004), sociologists Z. Bauman (2005) and M. Weber (2013), H. Weltsel and P. Inglehart (2005, 2008), political scientist S. Lipset (1959, 1960), economist V. Rostow (1991) and others. Despite the fact that the original sources of modernization reach to the depths of centuries the modern complex vision actively began to form in the middle of the twentieth century. Among the main historical prerequisites for the spread of modernization processes in the world, A. Edward So. (1991) stated the political changes that took place in the world after the Second World War. So, for the limitation of the spread of the communist movement, the United States, as a leader in the global economy, actively financed the industrialization in countries in Western Europe (Marshall Plan), Japan and South Korea.
After the collapse of the European colonial powers in Asia, Africa and Latin America, the created countries were looking actively for the development models and attempted to conduct modernization. Accordingly, the modernization theory, as a self-dependent direction of scientific investigation, was detached in the mid-1950s. It was constantly criticized because representatives of other schools also studied separate issues of the nature of the economic development, in particular, the theory of dependence, world system and globalization, the comparison of which is presented in G. Reyes.
There are indicators of knowing modernization as complied by A. 2002 (given in page 2). The developed countries realized and adopted modernization openly. The most important feature of modernization is its complex mutually supportive character: economic modernization is impossible without the development of science, and modernization of science takes place exclusively because of modernization of education and society in the whole. Modernization involves not only dramatic changes, but also small transformations, because it is impossible to maintain the same pace of change during a long period. The contradiction between the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of individual components of modernization processes leads to aggravation of other problems and may be accompanied by systemic crises. To orient the modernization to advanced benchmarks and to synchronize all modernization processes in the country's economy a strategic approach should be used, that is, to develop an appropriate strategy. The specific economic conditions in which the country begins to implement reforms influence the choice of model or strategy of modernization that is why it is important to conduct a comprehensive study and an objective assessment of the situation in the country, which will determine the reality of ensuring the necessary dynamics of modernization.
Questions:
1: According to the case study how would you define modernization theory? Give examples from the cases in your own words .
2: What political changes emerged in the world that made theorist realize the need to modernize traditional society to mass consumption?
- In case of Pakistan which amongst the above social and economic indicators in the case do you think are essential for economic growth? Explain your answer
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