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- 1. a) If you were at risk of a fatal disease such as Huntington’s disease and only the 95% accurate preliminary genetic test was available, would you take the test? After all, 95% of the time the test would tell you whether you would eventually get Huntington’s disease or whether you did not have to worry about getting this disease. b) The linkage distance between the DNA sequence used in the test and the actual Huntington’ disease locus was 5%. In a large sample of the Venezuelan family, what percentage of people would inherit the DNA sequence but not the Huntington’s allele (i.e. be a false positive test for Huntington’s)? What percentage of that large Venezuelan family would not inherit the DNA sequence but would inherit the Huntington’s allele (i.e., be a false negative test for Huntington’s)?1. What advantages do anonymous DNA markers afford for genetic mapping as opposed to traditional allelic markers associated with visible phenotypes? What are the disadvantages of anonymous DNA markers for mapping? 2. Would you be more likely to find SNPs in the protein-coding or in the noncoding DNA of the human genome?1. Write if the statement is true and modify the statement with the correct answer if its false a. E. coli strains used in blue-white screening produce blue color complexes because their beta-galactosidases are activated via alpha-complementation. b. If you are a researcher trying to identify a gene that is responsible for a trait of interest, the first thing that you would do is to make a review of the literature that is available. c. The polylinker region in plasmids is where specific DNA sequences are cut by non-specific restriction enzymes. d. Blue-white screening is one of the last steps involved in determining if the gene of interest has been inserted successfully in plasmids.
- 5. A haplotype is a specific set of SNPs and other genetic variants observed on a single chromosome or part of a chromosome, as compared between individuals in a population. Shown below are eight DNA sequences from different individuals: Nucleotide Position 1 5 10 15 Sequence 1. TCTGGAT CAT CACAT Sequence 2. ACAGCAT CATIA CGT Sequence 3. TCAGGAT CATIA CAT. Sequence 4. TCAGGAT CATI A CAT. Sequence 5. ACAGCATCATI ACGT Sequence 6. TCT G GAT CAT CACAT Sequence 7. TCAGGAT CATI A CAT. Luis Pagoada Sequence 8. ACAGCAT CAT IACGT. a. Give the nucleotide positions of all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; nucleotide positions where individuals vary in which base is present) in these sequences. b. How many different haplotypes (sets of linked variants) are found in these eight sequences?11. Assume that a certain strain of bacteria carries a mutation that causes it to die at 42oC, but grows normally at 30oC. This allele is best described as: conditional lethal that allows survival under restrictive conditions conditional lethal that causes death under restrictive conditions recessive lethal heterogeneous1. The first genetic test developed for this disease took advantage of a large family of over 2,000 individuals who lived along Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. These family members, some with and some without Huntington’s disease, could all trace their ancestry to a single female who settled in the region a number of generations ago.Genomic DNA from family members with and without Huntington’s disease was cut with a set of enzymes that make reproducible cuts at known DNA sequences. These DNA fragments were run on a DNA gel to see which fragments correlated with the presence of Huntington’s disease. a) How might the large number (over 2,000) of family members who have a common ancestor who suffered from Huntington’s disease make it easy to narrow down the gene location of the Huntington’s locus (compared to doing the same experiment with a small family descended from a Huntington’s sufferer)?
- Why is it more efficient to perform a test cross with a homozygous recessive donor than a homozygous dominant donor? How could the same information still he found with a homozygous dominant donor?Select all that apply: A SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) is similar to an STR (short tandem repeat) in that: a) an individual can have many different copies of specific SNP or STR b) they both cause diseases c)they are sequences that have many possible variants d) an individual has one copy of this region of the genome from each parent.2. How can we endure that diverse populations are adequately represented in genetic research, and what steps can be taken to address the historical imbalances in the field?
- 1. An individual is heterozygous (CT) for a common C/T SNP that is tested using the Axiom microarray (used by the UK Biobank). Two left apex probes at different spots on the microarray will interrogate this SNP, testing both strands of the SNP. Draw the genomic DNA hybridized to both probes and show the dideoxynucleotides added, the fluorescence observed, and the signal recorded at each spot.1. The first genetic test used a short DNA sequence that was closely linked to the Huntington’s locus. The linkage distance between the DNA sequence used in the test and the actual Huntington’ disease locus was 5%. a. In a large sample of the Venezuelan family (over 2,000 individuals), what percentage of people would inherit the DNA sequence but not the Huntington’s allele (i.e. be a false positive test for Huntington’s)? b. What percentage of that large Venezuelan family would not inherit the DNA sequence but would inherit the Huntington’s allele (i.e., be a false negative test for Huntington’s)?1) Recombinant DNA technology and selective breeding are 2 techniques that seek to produce desirable traits within an organism, yet they do so in very different ways. How do the methods of each process differ? What technique would more reliable in producing the desired outcome? Why?