e basis is defined as the spot price minus the futures price. A trader is hedging the sale of an asset with a short futures position.  The basis increases unexpectedly. Which of the following is TRUE?  a. The hedger’s position stays the same. b. The hedger’s position improves. c. The hedger’s position sometimes worsens and sometimes improves. d. The hedger’s position worsens.

The basis is defined as the spot price minus the futures price. A trader is hedging the sale of an asset with a short futures position. The basis falls unexpectedly. Which of the following is true? Question 3Answer a. The hedger’s position sometimes worsens and sometimes improves. b. The hedger’s position stays the same. c. The hedger’s position worsens. d. The hedger’s position improves.

Tick all those statements on arbitrage that are correct (and don't tick those that are incorrect). a. When constructing suitable betting strategies, the number m of outcomes of an event and the number of possible wagers are always the same. O b. In real markets there are ocasionally small arbitrage opportunities due to lack of information. c. The arbitrage theorem essentially tells us that either there exists a risk-neutral distribution or there is an arbitrage opportunity. Od. If there is an arbitrage opportunity then this implies that a risk-neutral distribution exists. O e. If there is a sporting event with 3 different outcomes which have the odds 0₂ = 1, 2, 3 then there is an arbitrage opportunity for a suitable betting strategy.

The ability to buy on margin is one advantage of futures. Another is the ease with which one can alter one’s holdings of the asset. This is especially important if one is dealing in commodities, for which the futures market is far more liquid than the spot market.