Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780470458365
Author: Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Consider the System of Equations

### System of Differential Equations

We consider the system of differential equations:

\[
\frac{dx}{dt} = x(4 - x - 5y)
\]
\[
\frac{dy}{dt} = y(1 - 4x),
\]

taking \((x, y) > 0\).

#### (a) Nullclines

- **Vertical (x-) nullcline**: Write an equation for the non-zero vertical nullcline of this system:  
  \[
  y = \frac{4-x}{5}
  \]

  (Enter your equation, e.g., \( y = x \).)

- **Horizontal (y-) nullcline**: Write an equation for the non-zero horizontal nullcline:  
  \[
  y = \frac{4}{x+5}
  \]

  (Enter your equation, e.g., \( y = x \).)  
  (Note that there are also nullclines lying along the axes.)

#### (b) Equilibrium Points

What are the equilibrium points for the system?

Equilibria: \((0,0), (4,0), (1/4,3/4)\)

(Enter the points as comma-separated \((x, y)\) pairs, e.g., \((1,2), (3,4)\).)

#### (c) Estimating Trajectories

Use your nullclines to estimate trajectories in the phase plane, completing the following sentence:

If we start at the initial position \((5, 3)\), trajectories **converge to** the point \((-80,-57)\).

(Enter the point as an \((x, y)\) pair, e.g., \((1,2)\).)
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Transcribed Image Text:### System of Differential Equations We consider the system of differential equations: \[ \frac{dx}{dt} = x(4 - x - 5y) \] \[ \frac{dy}{dt} = y(1 - 4x), \] taking \((x, y) > 0\). #### (a) Nullclines - **Vertical (x-) nullcline**: Write an equation for the non-zero vertical nullcline of this system: \[ y = \frac{4-x}{5} \] (Enter your equation, e.g., \( y = x \).) - **Horizontal (y-) nullcline**: Write an equation for the non-zero horizontal nullcline: \[ y = \frac{4}{x+5} \] (Enter your equation, e.g., \( y = x \).) (Note that there are also nullclines lying along the axes.) #### (b) Equilibrium Points What are the equilibrium points for the system? Equilibria: \((0,0), (4,0), (1/4,3/4)\) (Enter the points as comma-separated \((x, y)\) pairs, e.g., \((1,2), (3,4)\).) #### (c) Estimating Trajectories Use your nullclines to estimate trajectories in the phase plane, completing the following sentence: If we start at the initial position \((5, 3)\), trajectories **converge to** the point \((-80,-57)\). (Enter the point as an \((x, y)\) pair, e.g., \((1,2)\).)
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