Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134746241
Author: Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
### Climate Dynamics: Understanding Ocean Atmospheric Interactions **Caption: Key indicators of Ocean and Atmospheric Conditions** This section highlights critical indicators of oceanic and atmospheric conditions that influence global weather patterns, especially related to phenomena such as El Niño and La Niña. #### Important Indicators: 1. **Trade Winds:** - **Trade winds are stronger than usual:** When trade winds are stronger, they push warmer surface water westward, enhancing upwelling of cooler, nutrient-rich water along the eastern Pacific. - Trade winds are weaker than usual: Weaker trade winds diminish this westward push, typically leading to a reduction in the upwelling of cool water along the eastern Pacific coast. 2. **Upwelling Conditions:** - **Upwelling of cool, deep water is greater than usual along the coast of Peru:** Enhanced upwelling is associated with stronger trade winds, bringing nutrient-rich cold water to the surface, which can significantly impact marine life and local climate conditions. 3. **Sea Surface Temperatures:** - Sea surface temperatures are higher than usual in the eastern tropical Pacific: Elevated sea surface temperatures often signal the onset of El Niño, impacting weather patterns globally. - **Sea surface temperatures are lower than usual in the eastern tropical Pacific:** Lower sea surface temperatures generally indicate La Niña conditions, influencing global climate patterns differently from El Niño. **Understanding these indicators is crucial for predicting climate phenomena and preparing for their diverse impacts worldwide.**
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Transcribed Image Text:### Climate Dynamics: Understanding Ocean Atmospheric Interactions **Caption: Key indicators of Ocean and Atmospheric Conditions** This section highlights critical indicators of oceanic and atmospheric conditions that influence global weather patterns, especially related to phenomena such as El Niño and La Niña. #### Important Indicators: 1. **Trade Winds:** - **Trade winds are stronger than usual:** When trade winds are stronger, they push warmer surface water westward, enhancing upwelling of cooler, nutrient-rich water along the eastern Pacific. - Trade winds are weaker than usual: Weaker trade winds diminish this westward push, typically leading to a reduction in the upwelling of cool water along the eastern Pacific coast. 2. **Upwelling Conditions:** - **Upwelling of cool, deep water is greater than usual along the coast of Peru:** Enhanced upwelling is associated with stronger trade winds, bringing nutrient-rich cold water to the surface, which can significantly impact marine life and local climate conditions. 3. **Sea Surface Temperatures:** - Sea surface temperatures are higher than usual in the eastern tropical Pacific: Elevated sea surface temperatures often signal the onset of El Niño, impacting weather patterns globally. - **Sea surface temperatures are lower than usual in the eastern tropical Pacific:** Lower sea surface temperatures generally indicate La Niña conditions, influencing global climate patterns differently from El Niño. **Understanding these indicators is crucial for predicting climate phenomena and preparing for their diverse impacts worldwide.**
**Understanding La Niña Conditions:** **Question:** During La Niña conditions, which of the following are true? Select ALL that apply. (The map below may help you think about the question.) **Explanation:** **Map Description:** - The map provided shows the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean, highlighting important geographical areas relevant to La Niña conditions. - The Equator is marked with a dashed red line extending horizontally across the middle of the map. - Key regions on the map are labeled: - Western Pacific Ocean - Eastern Pacific Ocean - Indonesia - The map displays parts of surrounding continents, including Southeast Asia on the left side and the western coast of the Americas on the right side. **La Niña Overview:** - La Niña is a climate pattern characterized by cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. - This phenomenon often impacts global weather patterns, causing changes in precipitation, temperature, and storm activity. **Question Context:** Consider the map and the information on La Niña to determine which statements about La Niña are accurate.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding La Niña Conditions:** **Question:** During La Niña conditions, which of the following are true? Select ALL that apply. (The map below may help you think about the question.) **Explanation:** **Map Description:** - The map provided shows the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean, highlighting important geographical areas relevant to La Niña conditions. - The Equator is marked with a dashed red line extending horizontally across the middle of the map. - Key regions on the map are labeled: - Western Pacific Ocean - Eastern Pacific Ocean - Indonesia - The map displays parts of surrounding continents, including Southeast Asia on the left side and the western coast of the Americas on the right side. **La Niña Overview:** - La Niña is a climate pattern characterized by cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. - This phenomenon often impacts global weather patterns, causing changes in precipitation, temperature, and storm activity. **Question Context:** Consider the map and the information on La Niña to determine which statements about La Niña are accurate.
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