Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
Draw the structure of:
a polysaccharide formed by joining D-glucose units in 1→6-α-
glycosidic linkages.
Carbohydrates and their classification : Carbohydrates are basically polyhydroxy compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The terms saccharides, sugars and carbohydrates means the same thing They are classified as follows :
i) Monosaccharides (single sugar) - They are the simplest type of carbohydrates and consists of only one unit. For ex : glucose, mannose, allose altrose etc.
ii) Disaccharides : They are composed of two monosaccharide units linked together by glycosidic linkage . For ex : maltose, sucrose, cellobiose etc.
iii) Oligosaccharides : They are composed of 3-10 monosaccharides.
iv) Polysaccharides : They are the most complex type of carbohydrates and usually contains more than 10 monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic linkages.
Note : The acetal of a sugar is called a glycoside and the formed between the alkoxy oxygen and anomeric carbon is called as the glycosidic bond.
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