Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![**Transcription for Educational Website**
---
### Task: Draw the Structural Formula for the Ionic Form of the Following Phosphate Ester
**Chemical Structure**
The chemical structure shown above is a phosphate ester with the following formula:
\[ \text{H}_3\text{C} - \text{O} - \text{P} = \text{O} - \text{O} - \text{CH}_3 \]
- The phosphate group (\( \text{PO}_4 \)) is central, with one oxygen double-bonded to phosphorus and two oxygen atoms single-bonded to phosphorus.
- Two methyl groups (\( \text{CH}_3 \)) are attached via oxygen atoms.
**ChemDoodle Tool Interface**
The image includes a ChemDoodle interface with various drawing tools:
- **Tool Icons:** These are located at the top and include functions such as drawing lines, rings, erasers, undo/redo, and selection tools.
- **Drawing Area:** The main workspace for creating chemical structures.
- **Help Icon:** Provides information or troubleshooting for using the ChemDoodle software.
**Current Workspace Contents**
- The workspace currently contains the text "CH₄", indicating the placement of a methane molecule.
**Instructions**
- Use the provided tools in ChemDoodle to manipulate and draw the complete ionic form of the phosphate ester.
- Consider charge distribution and resonance structures that might be relevant for the ionic form.
---
This transcription aims to assist students in using ChemDoodle for drawing chemical structures by explaining the interface and tools available.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ffc2fcf10-1c06-45bd-a437-ad10722d937a%2F96833562-9c3e-4bad-b1e8-27f7f7c1a60e%2Fhwzxew_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription for Educational Website**
---
### Task: Draw the Structural Formula for the Ionic Form of the Following Phosphate Ester
**Chemical Structure**
The chemical structure shown above is a phosphate ester with the following formula:
\[ \text{H}_3\text{C} - \text{O} - \text{P} = \text{O} - \text{O} - \text{CH}_3 \]
- The phosphate group (\( \text{PO}_4 \)) is central, with one oxygen double-bonded to phosphorus and two oxygen atoms single-bonded to phosphorus.
- Two methyl groups (\( \text{CH}_3 \)) are attached via oxygen atoms.
**ChemDoodle Tool Interface**
The image includes a ChemDoodle interface with various drawing tools:
- **Tool Icons:** These are located at the top and include functions such as drawing lines, rings, erasers, undo/redo, and selection tools.
- **Drawing Area:** The main workspace for creating chemical structures.
- **Help Icon:** Provides information or troubleshooting for using the ChemDoodle software.
**Current Workspace Contents**
- The workspace currently contains the text "CH₄", indicating the placement of a methane molecule.
**Instructions**
- Use the provided tools in ChemDoodle to manipulate and draw the complete ionic form of the phosphate ester.
- Consider charge distribution and resonance structures that might be relevant for the ionic form.
---
This transcription aims to assist students in using ChemDoodle for drawing chemical structures by explaining the interface and tools available.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:**
Which of the following structures represent esters?
(Select all that apply.)
**Structures:**
1. First Structure:
- A molecule with the formula:
- CH₃C(=O)-O-CH₃
- Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) adjacent to an oxygen atom, which is bonded to an alkyl group.
2. Second Structure:
- A molecule with the formula:
- CH₃CH₂C(=O)-O-CH₂H
- Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) adjacent to an oxygen atom, which is bonded to another carbon chain.
3. Third Structure:
- A molecule with the formula:
- CH₃C(=O)-O-CH₂CH₃
- Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) adjacent to an oxygen atom, which is bonded to an ethyl group.
4. Fourth Structure:
- A cyclic molecule with two carbonyl groups (C=O) connected to a shared oxygen atom, forming a lactone-like structure.
**Instructions:** Select all structures that are esters.
**Explanation:**
- An ester is characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) directly bonded to an oxygen atom (O), which is further bonded to an alkyl or aryl group.
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