Draw the heart, indicating the vessels to/from the pulmonary circuit, and vessels to/from the systemic circuit. Label all 4 chambers, location and names of valves, and use arrows to indicate direction that blood is flowing.  Also, indicate if blood is oxygen-rich (O2+) or oxygen-poor (O2-).

After catching her archenemy, Xena has lived a long and productive life. She is now 85 years old and has suffered gradual changes to her rib cage: there has been calcification and reduced motility of the rib articulations. She finds herself short of breath when trying to perform actions that previously caused her no difficulty.  Consider Xena’s blood pressure of 105/66 mmHg. Calculate her mean arterial pressure (MAP) and state if Xena’s present MAP is considered physiological. Explain how blood vessel diameter and arterial compliance/elasticity are expected to change as we age.

Trace the pathway of blood through the heart. List, in the order that blood flows, the names of the vessels entering and exiting the heart, name of the chambers of the heart, and name the heart valves.

Trace the journey of a drop of blood starting from the right atrium, continuing to the right thumb, and returning to the right atrium.  This would include a trip through the heart. Be sure to identify both the arterial and venous vessels as well as all of the relevant structures within the heart. Considering the online nature of this exam, drawings are not required. Simply type in the order of structures with a dash (-) between structures.

which side of the heart delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs for alveolar gas exchange? The right side or the left side.

Use the word bank below to complete the following statements: Tissue capillary higher lower oxygen carbon dioxide waste nutrients On the arteriole side of a capillary bed, the capillary hydrostatic pressure is than the blood colloidal osmotic pressure. This causes a net movement of liquid into the This liquid contains a lot of gas and which move down a concentration gradient towards local cells that are continually consuming those resources. On the venule side of the capillary bed, the capillary hydrostatic pressure is than the blood colloidal osmotic pressure, resulting in a net movement of liquid into the . After passing over local tissues, the composition of the liquid has changed, and now contains a lot of gas and Only (write a number and a % sign) of fluid returns to the circulatory system. The remaining portion of fluid is collected by the lymphatic system.

Compare the structure of the tricuspid valve with that of the pulmonary valve.

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems interact very closely with each other to maintain proper levels, and adequate transport, of gases in the blood. Describe one specific example of this interaction, including the organs, cells and/or processes involved.

Would a ventricular septal defect cause: Choose one. Pulmonary edema due to vasoconstriction Pulmonary edema due to high pulmonary blood volume Pulmonary edema due to low colloid pressure

Explain how the ventricular volume changes during Systole 3 and why (explain the sequence of events in all heart chambers, valves, and pressure changes in the heart chambers/blood vessels during systole 3)