Dr. Isley (a.k.a. Poison Ivy) is teaching a master class on botany. Explain to her the following concepts so that she will keep her promise to release Batman and Robin from captivity! Part 1: Plants absorb water through special cells in their roots. For the water to enter the root cells, does the water need to be hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic to the inside of the cell? Briefly explain your reasoning? Part 2: Based on your answer in Part 1, would there be more hydration shells in the extracellular (surrounding) water or inside of the root cells? (one word answer) Part 3: First, explain why water is a polar molecule. Then, discuss how the polar nature of water allows it to form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules and how this relates to the ability for water to form hydration shells.

Which of the following is true of the water potential of a healthy living plant cell? ( SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)  A. It has a higher solute potential (lower solute concentration) than the extracellular environment     B. It is under negative pressure     C. It has a lower solute potential (high solute concentration) than the extracellular enviroment     D. It is under positive pressure     E. It has a pressure potential equal to zero

If plant cells were placed in a hypotonic solution would they burst like the blood cells? Why?

Give a summary of the route that solutes pass through in a plant in order to reach a developing bud, or to the roots or developing fruit. (Give an illustration)

Suppose you add 5% and 10% of salt solution in a plant, do other structures in the cell change? What are the changes in the cell wall after adding a 5% and 10% of salt solution? Can the cell wall be seen more easily when the salt solutions were added?

What is the primary function of guard cells?   Question 28 options:   They store carbohydrates.   They help support the plant.   They absorb minerals from the soil.   They control the size of the stomata.

Plants use the proton electrochemical gradient across the vacuole membrane to power the accumulation of salts and sugars in the organelle. This accumulation creates hypertonic conditions in the vacuole. Why does this not result in the plant cell swelling and bursting?

Explain what ‘structure’ is affected when the leaves of each plant are covered with petroleum jelly. What is this ‘structure’? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the ‘structure’ opening and closing?

Name the process by which intact plant cells lose water in the form of droplets from leaf margins.

1. Estimate the maximum turgor pressures (Ψp) inside the cells of leaves and flowers.   2. Which structure (leaves or flowers) have stiffer, more rigid cell walls? What part(s) of the graphs tell you this?   3. At about what relative cell volume (equal to relative water content) does incipient plasmolysis occur for each structure?   4. Which structure (leaves or flowers) has more solutes inside the cells?   5. Which structure (leaves or flowers) do you expect to undergo more shrinking and swelling in volume with changes in water content?   6. Imagine you wanted to display a C. speciosa shoot in a vase in your house. You cut a flowering shoot (a shoot with both leaves and flowers on it) from a tree growing outside. You then transport the shoot into your house. As you carry it, the leaves and flowers are evaporating water. By the time you place the shoot in the vase of water, the relative water content (equivalent to relative cell volume) of the leaves and flowers has declined to…