$50 O $60 O $70 $80 Price (S/dose) AMINNA vaccine is developed to light COVID. The chance for anyone to contract the virus drops as more people receive the vaccine. One of the demand curves below represents the private demand for the vaccine and the other represents the social demand for the vaccine. The socially optimal equilibrium price is. 110 100 90 S 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 25 50 D1 D2 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 Quantity (doses/day)

Show the market for cigarettes in equilibrium, assuming that there are no laws banning smoking in public. Label the equilibrium private market price and quantity as Pm and Qm. Add whatever is needed to the model to show the impact of the negative externality from second-hand smoking. (Hint: In this case it is the consumers, not the sellers, who are creating the negative externality.) Label the social optimal output and price as Fe and Qe. On the graph, shade in the deadweight loss at the market output.

Draw a standard supply and demand diagram for televisions, and indicate the equilibrium price and output. a. Assuming that the production of televisions generates external costs, illustrate the effect of the producers being forced to pay a tax equal to the external costs generated, and indicate the equilibrium output. b. If instead of generating external costs, television production generates external benefits, illustrate the effect of the producers being given a subsidy equal to the external benefits generated, and indicate the equilibrium output.

Suppose that a vaccine is developed for a highly contagious strain of flu. The likelihood that anyone will get this flu decreases as more people receive the vaccine. One of the demand curves below represents the private demand for the vaccine and the other represents the social demand for the vaccine. Price (5/dose) 110T 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 Quantity (doses/day) The total social benefit of 75 doses is: D1 02