Distance Orbital Period Mercury 0.39 AU 88 days Venus 0.72 AU 225 days Earth 1.00 AU 365 days Mars 1.52 AU 687 days (a) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Mars to the Earth. Which one of these planets is the closest to Earth on average? (b) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Earth to Mars. Which one of these planets is the closest to Mars on average? (c) What do you expect for the other planets?

Distance Orbital Period Mercury 0.39 AU 88 days Venus 0.72 AU 225 days Earth 1.00 AU 365 days Mars 1.52 AU 687 days (a) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Mars to the Earth. Which one of these planets is the closest to Earth on average? (b) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Earth to Mars. Which one of these planets is the closest to Mars on average? (c) What do you expect for the other planets?

The Solar System

9th Edition

ISBN:9781305804562

Author:Seeds

Publisher:Seeds

Chapter13: Venus And Mars

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1DQ

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Comet Halley (Fig. P11.21) approaches the Sun to within 0.570 AU, and its orbital period is 75.6 yr. (AU is the symbol for astronomical unit, where 1 AU = 1.50 1011 m is the mean EarthSun distance.) How far from the Sun will Halleys comet travel before it starts its return journey?
Venus orbits 0.72 AU from the Sun. What is that distance in kilometers? (Hint: See Problem 3.)
Galileos telescope showed him that Venus has a large angular diameter (61 arc seconds) when it is a crescent and a small angular diameter (10 arc seconds) when it is nearly full. Use the small-angle formula to find the ratio of its maximum to minimum distance from Earth. Is this ratio compatible with the Ptolemaic universe shown in Figure 3b of the Chapter 4 Concept Art: An Ancient Model of the Universe?
roblem B.2: Distance of the Planets The table below lists the average distance R to the Sun and orbital period T of the first planets: Distance Orbital Period Mercury 0.39 AU 88 days Venus 0.72 AU 225 days Earth 1.00 AU 365 days Mars 1.52 AU 687 days (a) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Mars to the Earth. Which one of these planets is the closest to Earth on average? (b) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Earth to Mars. Which one of these planets is the closest to Mars on average? (c) What do you expect for the other planets? Hint: Assume circular orbits and use symmetries to make the distance calculation easier. You can approximate the average distance by using four well-chosen points on the planet's orbit.
When the Earth passes directly between the Sun and Mars, the Earth and Mars are closest to each other. If Mars is 1.52 AU from the Sun and there are 1.5 x 108 km in 1 AU, how many times will the width of the U.S. (2,530 miles) fit end-to-end between Mars and Earth? Planets and Sun not drawn to scale. Mars Earth Sun Part 1 of 4 Mars is 1.52 AU from the Sun. How many times further away from the Sun is Mars than the Earth? (The distances in AU are relative to the distance between the Sun and the Earth, so however many AU a planet is away from the Sun is how many times farther it is from Sun than Earth.) 1.52✔ 1.52 times further away
I. Directions: Complete the given table by finding the ratio of the planet's time of revolution to its radius. Average Radius of Orbit Times of Planet R3 T2 T?/R3 Revolution Mercury 5.7869 x 1010 7.605 x 106 Venus 1.081 x 1011 1.941 x 107 Earth 1.496 x 1011 3.156 x 107 1. What pattern do you observe in the last column of data? Which law of Kepler's does this seem to support? II. Solve the given problems. Write your solution on the space provided before each number. 1. You wish to put a 1000-kg satellite into a circular orbit 300 km above the earth's surface. Find the following: a) Speed b) Period c) Radial Acceleration Given: Unknown: Formula: Solution: Answer: Given: Unknown: Formula: Solution: Answer: Given: Unknown: Formula: Solution: Answer:
One year on Planet AAA is 5 time the length of one earth year and it orbits its sun at an average distance 4.38 AU. Planet ZZZ orbits the same sun at an average distance of 2.53 AU. Determine the length of one year on Planet ZZZ in earth days.
Distance Orbital Period Mercury 0.39 AU 88 days Venus 0.72 AU 225 days Earth 1.00 AU 365 days Mars 1.52 AU 687 days (a) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Mars to the Earth. Which one of these planets is the closest to Earth on average? (b) Calculate the average distance of Mercury, Venus and Earth to Mars. Which one of these planets is the closest to Mars on average? (c) What do you expect for the other planets? Hint: Assume circular orbits and use symmetries to make the distance calculation easier. You can approximate the average distance by using four well-chosen points on the planet’s orbit.
(to two decimal places): (what is ‘h’?) Eccentricity of earth orbit is 0.0167 µ(sun) = 1.32712E+11 km^3/s^ semimajor axis of Earth orbit = 1.49598E+08 need to figure out what ‘h’ is. a) Calculate the speed of the earth around the sun at aphelion? (29.29 KM/S) b) At perihelion? (30.29 KM/S)
Neptune orbits the Sun with an orbital radius of 4.495 x 10^12 m. If the earth to sun distance 1A.U. = 1.5 x 10^11 m, a) Determine how many A.U.'s is Neptune's orbital radius (Round to the nearest tenth). b) Given the Sun's mass is 1.99 x10^30 kg, use Newton's modified version of Kepler's formula T^2 = (4pi^2/Gm(star)) x d^3 to find the period in seconds using scientific notation. (Round to the nearest thousandth). C) Convert the period in part b) to years (Round to the nearest tenth)
A new planet is discovered orbiting a distant star. Observations have confirmed that the planet has a circular orbit with a radius of 12 AU and takes 117 days to orbit the star. Determine the mass of the star. State your answer with appropriate mks units. [NOTE: AU ..stands.for...astronomical unit". It is the average distance between Earth & the Sun. 1 AU≈ 1.496 x 1011 m.] Enter a number with units. I be quite large and your calculator will display the answer as a power of 10. If, as an example, your answer was 8.54 x 1056, you would type "8.54e56" into the answer box (remember to state your units with your answer).]
Kepler's 1st law says that our Solar System's planets orbit in ellipses around the Sun where the closest distance to the Sun is called perihelion. Suppose I tell you that there is a planet with a perihelion distance of 2 AU and a semi-major axis of 1.5 AU. Does this make physical sense? Explain why or why not.