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- 3. (a) Comparing the culture-dependant (e.g., colony forming units count) and DNA- based (e.g., PCR) bacterial number quantification methods, what are the primary disadvantages of using culture-dependent methods to quantify bacterial numbers in an environmental sample? Use no more than three sentences or bullet points to present your answer succinctly.What would you need to culture the following microorganisms? (Note the hints and/or choices after some blanks). Species A Species B Mesophile Thermophile Acidophile Neutrophile Obligate anaerobe Facultative anaerobe set to a (options: low (around 10 For Species A, you would need a(n) degrees C), mid-range (around 37 degrees C), high (around 65 degrees C), while for Species B, the temperature would need to be (options: low (around 10 degrees C), mid-range (around 37 degrees C), high (around 65 degrees C). (hint: nutrient source) that has a For Species A you would need a(n) (hint: the answer is a number). (options: low, high) pH, while for Species B, the pH should be around For Species A you should (choices: add, remove) oxygen. For Species B you should (choices: add, remove) oxygen. EA batch of turkey rolls (10 lb—approximately 4.5 Kg—each) were cooked to 165°F internal temperature in bags, opened, sliced, vacuum-packaged, and stored at 40°F. The product was expected to have a refrigerated shelf life of 50 days. However, after 40 days, the packages contained gas and approximately 107 bacterial cells/g of meat. The bacterial species involved in the spoilage was found to be Leuconostoc carnosum, which is killed at 165°F. What could be the sources of the bacterial species in this cooked product?
- 'You have been working in the Quality Control lab at KOO [] for a month when you noticed a dramatic increase in the incidence of thermophilic incubator spoilage of canned sweet corn produced by the company. Describe the steps you would use to determine the cause of the increased spoilage. Your discussion must include the procedure(s) you would use to determine the thermal death time and the D-value of the spoilage organism. NB: Include your own diagrams as well. :A stool specimen of a patient with severe diarrhea was cultured in a series of specialized media for isolation of enteric organisms. The cultures yielded three isolates that were species of Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia. Explain why the Hydrogen sulfide production test would be diagnostically significant.Agar is a solidifying agent used in media preparation.a. What is its origin? b. What makes it ideal for cultivation of microbes? c. How and why does the agar concentration in semisolid media differ from conventional solid media?
- Nitrate plays a role in both catabolic and anabolic reactions in microbes. Present one example of each use of nitrate (one catabolic and one anabolic) and what roles they play in their environments. Make sure to identify a microbe for each process.Watch this video and answer all of the following questions in detail: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbgB2TaYhio What was missing in Dr. Llyod's Petri dish experiment for the microbes to grow? How much time is it estimated that these microbes would need to grow? What would be one biotechnological application afforded by learning more about deep subsurface microbes?https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/chapter/controlling-microbial-growth/ Read this Article about Controlling Microbial Growth and answer the following questions: Which is most effective at removing microbes from a product: sanitization, degerming, or sterilization? Explain. What are two possible reasons for choosing a bacteriostatic treatment over a bactericidal one? Name at least two factors that can compromise the effectiveness of a disinfecting agent.
- The nutrient broth is a basic media used for growing a broad variety of microorganisms in the laboratory. The nutrient broth consists mainly of 1.5g * L ^ - 1 extract, 3g * L ^ - 1 yeast extract and 5g * L ^ - 1 sodium chloride dissolved in distilled water. The nutrient agar is prepared by adding the agar at the desired amount into nutrient broth. Answer the following questions. marks) a) How would you prepare a 500 ml nutrient broth? b) How would you prepare 2% (w / v) nutrient agar for 1L? c) How would you prepare a 100 ml nutrient broth supplemented with 100mu * g / m * l ampicillin antibiotic? The stock concentration for ampicillin solution is 100mg / m * l .You are cultivating Escherichia coli in a chemostat culture. The maximum specific growth rate (µmax) of E. coli that you can reach is known as 1.0 h-1 at your culture conditions. Describe what you would observe for each condition if you have the following settings: F (flow rate of the fresh medium into the bioreactor vessel) (L/h) V (Volume of the liquid culture in the bioreactor vessel) (L) a) 1 1 b) 5 4 c) 1 2Microorganism growth in complex natural environments such as soils and waters can beutilized to carry out environmental management processes.3.2 Discuss the use of indicator organisms in testing the quality of drinking water.