Discuss the properties of emerging viruses. What are the challengesassociated with combating them?

Discuss how researchers determined that TMV is a virus that causes damage to plants.

What defines a virus' host range? Know the multiplication steps (in order) for a virus (both bacteriophage and animal viruses). What happens at each step? What is the major difference between the steps in animal viruses vs. bacteriophages? Describe the lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophage infection. What are the different types of viral genomes possible? What are the differences between entry and exit for enveloped vs naked viruses? o i.e. fusion, endocytosis, budding or exocytosis, lysis/bursting/rupturing, Explain how viruses are cultured. Why would viruses need to be cultured? What is a latent viral infection? What are cytopathic effects (know examples). Know characteristics of viroids and prions. What are they? What kinds of diseases can they cause (know examples for prions) How can viral infections be treated? bp

Explain Packaging recombinant DNAs into retrovirus particles?