Discuss the principles of free-space optical communication (FSO) and its advantages in specific wireless scenarios.

Write down the factors which affect the surface wave communication. Explain the major characteristics of MW and SW radio propagation.

(V.3) A common commercial size of rectangular hollow-conductor waveguide has (inner) dimensions a = 2.286 cm by b = 1.016 cm. (a) What is the single-mode bandwidth of this size waveguide frequency range (in gigahertz) within which the TE10 mode propagates but the next higher mode does not? [Most practical waveguide systems are operated under this single-mode condition.] that is, what is the (b) The maximum field strength that air can support without breakdown is about 50,000 V/cm (at standard atmospheric pressure). What is the maximum power that can be trans- mitted by this size waveguide at frequencies within the single-mode band?

Problem 4. We need to allocate requirements to a parabolic antenna gimbal system and spacecraft. Our aperture size is 1 meter in diameter and transmission frequency is 5 GHz. We need to maintain pointing loss to < 0.5 dB. a. What is the ideal gain, at peak of beam, for the antenna at the given frequency? b. What is the beam width in degrees, using the equation given in class? c. What is the maximum allowed pointing error to not exceed the pointing loss?