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Discuss the consequences of asymmetric information for
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- In circumstances of imperfect information should one expect the market to be efficient? Explain briefly.Describe information imperfection and its role in market failure. Do consumers possess perfect acknowledge regarding their health status and the treatment options available to them?Why is imperfect information a problem in market economies? Give a current example of how imperfect information causes a disruption in a market.
- "Information asymmetry is detrimental for decision-making in the marketplace and hence is a market failure." Provide an example to illustrate this. Then suggest a policy that is used to address this problem.One method of solving this problem is through signaling. Signaling is a strategy one uses when they have information. The goal is to use a signal to convince the buyer that the good or service that is being sold is quality and will meet the buyer's wants. Offer an example of a company that uses a signal to help sell its product. What is the signal? What information is the signal trying to convey? Do you think the signal is effective? Why or why not? Does this signal improve market efficiency? Why or why not?In Hayward, there are 100 people who want to sell their used cars. The problem is that nobody except the original owners know which are which. Owners of lemons will be happy to get rid of their cars for any price greater than $200. Owners of peaches will be willing to sell them for any price greater than $1,500 but will keep them if they can't get $1,500. There are a large number of buyers who would be willing to pay $2,500 for a peach but would pay only $300 for a lemon. When these buyers are not sure of the quality of the car they buy, they are willing to pay the expected value of the car, given the knowledge they have. What is the minimum probability for a used car to be a peach such that peaches stay in the market? Ő O 0.33 0.67 0.55 0.5
- In the used-car market there are good cars and bad cars. Everyone knows that half of the used cars are good and half of them are bad, but only the owner knows exactly whether his particular car is good or bad. If a car is good, it is worth $3000 to its owner but worth $4000 to a potential buyer. A bad car, on the other hand, is worth only $2000 to its owner and $1000 to a potential buyer. A potential buyer has no way of telling whether a particular car is good or bad. However, she is aware of the fact that the seller knows the car's quality. (VI.1) If the price of a car is $2500, what type of car will be offered for sale? Only bad cars/ All cars/ Only good cars/ No car. (choose the right answer) Should a potential buyer buy a car that is being offered for sale at $2500? Yes/ No (choose the right answer) If the price of a car is $3500, what type of car will be offered for sale? Only bad cars/ Only good cars/ All cars/ No car. (choose the right answer) What is the buyer's expected value…The problem of adverse selection in insurance markets means that it is generally a bad deal for companies to offer insurance at the same price for all potential customers. Why then do we observe some insurance companies (such as those selling “trip insurance” that refunds money to people who purchase trips that they are unable to take) do exactly this?a) Suppose an insurance company decides to insure the earnings obtained by a professional tennis player (in the event of an injury), provided she does not engage in activities like skydiving or skiing. Which asymmetric information problem is the insurance company trying to avoid? b) How do insurance companies protect themselves against losses due to adverse selection and moral hazard? c) How do insurance companies price their products to solve the problem of asymmetric information?
- Asymmetric information and/or imperfect information can cause two forms of market failure: 1) adverse selection and 2) moral hazard. Asymmetric information is where one party in the transaction has more information than the other party in the transaction. Imperfect information is a situation in which neither party has perfect information about the good/service being exchanged in a transaction. Such goods and services are sometimes referred to as "experience goods." In the late 1990s, car leasing was very popular in the United States. A customer would lease a car from the manufacturer for a set term, usually two years, and then have the option of keeping the car. If the customer decided to keep the car, the customer would pay a price to the manufacturer, the "residual value," computed as 60% of the new car price. The manufacturer would then sell the returned cars at auction. In 1999, the manufacturer lost an average of $480 on each returned car. (The auction price was, on average, $480…Asymmetric information and/or imperfect information can cause two forms of market failure: 1) adverse selection and 2) moral hazard. Asymmetric information is where one party in the transaction has more information than the other party in the transaction. Imperfect information is a situation in which neither party has perfect information about the good/service being exchanged in a transaction. Such goods and services are sometime referred to as "experience goods." In the late 1990s, car leasing was very popular in the United States. A customer would lease a car from the manufacturer for a set term, usually two years, and then have the option of keeping the car. If the customer decided to keep the car, the customer would pay a price to the manufacturer, the “residual value,” computed as 60% of the new car price. The manufacturer would then sell the returned cars at auction. In 1999, the manufacturer lost an average of $480 on each returned car. (The auction price was, on average, $480…Consider the model of the market for lemons from Chapter 22. Suppose that there are two types of used cars — good ones and lemons — and that sellers know which type of car they have. Buyers do not know which type of car a seller has. The fraction of used cars of each type is 21 and buyers know this. Let’s suppose that a seller who has a good car values it at $10,000 and a seller with a lemon values the lemon at $5,000. A seller is willing to sell his car for any price greater than or equal to his value for the car; the seller is not willing to sell the car at a price below the value of the car. Buyers’ values for good cars and lemons are $14,000 and $8,000, respectively. As in Chapter 22 we will assume that buyers are risk-neutral; that is, they are willing to pay their expected value of a car. (a) Is there an equilibrium in the used-car market in which all types of cars are sold? Briefly explain.(b) Is there an equilibrium in the used-car market in which only lemons are sold? Briefly…