Determine the head loss for a clean filter bed using the Carman-Kozeny equation for a stratified bed with uniform porosity of 0.40. The rapid sand filter is made up of a 760 mm deep bed of sand, specific gravity of 2.65, shape factor (4) = 0.80, temperature of 10°C, and filtration rate of 1.70 liters per second per square meter (Lpsm²). A sieve analysis is presented below. Sieve # (1) 14-20 20-28 28-32 32-35 35-42 42-48 48-60 60-65 65-100 % Sand retained (Xij) (2) 0.44 14.33 43.22 27.07 9.76 4.22 0.54 0.29 0.13 100 dij (m x 10-4) (3) 10.0060 7.111 5.422 4.572 3.834 3.225 2.707 2.274 1.777

The bed thickness of a speed sand filter is 1.3 m. A sand with a specific diameter of 0.8 mm and a specific gravity of 2600 kg / m3 will be used as filter material. The shape factor of the sand is 0.9 and the porosity of the clean bed is 0.45. The water layer thickness on the bed is 1.1 m. Average filtration speed is 130 m / day and maximum filtration speed is 180 m / day. The maximum flow rate is 24087 m3 / day and the kinematic viscosity of water is 1.01x10-6 m2 / sec. The maximum head loss in the filter is required to be 1.9 m and negative pressure is not allowed. a) Find the initial head loss of the filter bed. b) Find the required number of filters and the area of each filter in case 3 filters are in reserve. c) Calculate how many meters depth the pollution penetrates at the end of filtration.

Q. Solve this seepage problem.

Please design a rapid sand filter that will effectively remove 65% of thesuspended solids in a flow of 10 cubic meters per minute. The suspendedmaterial consists of particles that are perfectly spherical with a diameter of 10microns. Please use sand with an effective size of 1 mm and a porosity of 0.5.You should limit your clean bed head loss to 0.5 meters per meter. (Pease use an attachment efficiency, α of 0.75)Viscosity of water =1.0087x10-3 Ns/m2Density of water =998.23 kg/m3What are the dimensions of this filter (Depth and Surface Area)?