Design using the yield-line theory a simply supported square slab of size 5 m to support a service-imposed load of 3 kN/m?. Assume floor finishing load to be 1 kN/m². Adopt M20 concrete and Fe 415 grade reinforcement. Assume diameter of bars used as 10 mm, cover = 25 mm.

Q: Understand the many types of concrete admixtures and how they affect the concrete.

A: Introduction: Producers firstly use admixtures to lower the cost of concrete construction, adjust…

Q: Determine the centroidal coordinates ( x-bar and y-bar) of the composite lines shown in feet.

A: Solution  Given the shape of the triangle  The base of the traingle b = 3ft And height of the…

Q: Define Joining Precast Concrete Members.

A: Precast concrete is a type of mortar that is mixed, processed, and stored off-site, typically in a…

Q: Question 17 Arrange in correct order. Tough Wood Steel Glass Brittle.

A:

Q: Give the procedure in Indentation Resistance Test of wood.

A: Brief concept introduction- Indentation Resistance Test of wood- This test is done to determine the…

Q: What are control joints and isolation joints? Explain the purpose and typical locations for each in…

A: Control joints-Control joints are the joints that are used to reduce the shrinkage at a specific…

Q: Define the difference in application between open stirrups and closed stirrups in concrete beams?

A: Basically function of the stirrups is to  Resist shear stress developed in the beam  Hold the main…

Q: Define differences in design between normal precast concrete pipes and pipes used for pipe jacking?

A: Pipe jacking: Pipe jacking is a trenchless construction that is used to install pipes beneath…

Q: 17. Minimum threads/buckles exposed exposed to bolts after nut/s installation 18. Methodology…

A:

Q: Fill in the blanks / identification: An L-shape section composed of two 10 mm by 30 rectangles. What…

A: Solution

Q: Why are the rods are required to have some concrete coverage?

A: The space between the reinforcing rods and the concrete is called as concrete cover. While pouring…

Q: 2 ft I ft 2 ft 1 ft 3 t

A:

Q: how many sheet of plywoodwill be needed to form the decking

A: The requirement of number of plywood sheets  is calculated by dividing the area to be decked by the…

Q: Explain the purposes of applying epoxy adhesive in joints of precast concrete bridge segments?

A: Epoxy adhesive: It is a resin or hardener for providing strength and resistance to materials. It is…

Q: Explain Why an unbonded post tensioned concrete has friction, even though the tendon is inside a…

A: Solution: Friction loss should be determined by the analysis of force that has been exerted by the…

Q: Can grout replace concrete in normal structure?

A: The grout is the mixture of cement, water and sand. The main purposes of grouting are pasting tiles,…

Q: What is the recommended minimum diameter (mm) for temperature bars in one way slab? Express your…

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Q: Discuss the differences between pre-tensioned and posttensioned structural concrete units?

A: Prestress concrete is defined as the concrete in which internal stress of suitable magnitude and…

Q: he recommended steel ratio for a slab having thickness of 125 mm is 0.00215 determine the required…

A: Steel ratio is Ast/BD

Q: *9-60. Locate the centroid (x, y) of the composite area. 150 mm 100 mm -300mm

A: The centroid () of the composite area =?

Q: Yト 2" ×小

A: Given data  Composite member Dimensions  To find Centroid

Q: Define the Hollow core plank system ?

A: Hallow core plank system : A hallow core slab also known as a voided slab, hollow core plank or…

Q: (2) 3#9 12" 21" I 3" fé=3000 psi Grade 60 steel NWC. & Mn = ?

A: Given:- The steel reinforcement provided in the beam = 3 bars - #9 diameter The width of the beam is…

Q: 12 in 12 in. 12 27 in. 2 in] 4 in.

A: Solution Note- According to Bartleby's guideline I only solve the first question.

Q: Explain ASD ( Allowable stress Design) method in short please.

A: Allowable stress design is the traditional method of structural design. Required: To elaborate ASD…

Q: Distinguish between the post-tensioning and pre-tensioning processes.

A: Introduction: The first load is placed on a structure referred to as pre-stressing. a system to…

Q: When is the Concrete susceptible to cracking?

A: Concept: Complete/incomplete separation of concrete into two or more parts as a result of fracturing…

Q: Locate centroid for the following composite section:

A: For the C12×25 Area=7.35in2centroid from base is 0.674inFor the C12×25 Area=20in2centroid from base…

Q: Which braces do the roof system braces and braces between columns include?  Subject : Concrete and…

A: The specific braces used in a roof system or between columns can vary depending on the structural…

Q: Q3. Discuss the importance of reinforcing the concrete?

A: ###Discuss the importance of reinforcing the concrete ####

Q: According to the principle of reinforcementwhich side of the concrete should be reinforced by…

A: Tension side of the concrete should be reinforced.

Q: SCC and Plain Concrete What is slag and why do we use it

A: 1.SCC- SSC means self compacting concrete also known as Self consolidation concrete, it is special…

Q: 2. Problem 4: Calculate the nominal strength of the section. 2.25 f 3,000 psi 2.50" #9 BARS Grade 60…

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Q: Why reinforcement is provided in the concrete structure?

A: Concrete is a versatile composite and one of the most widely used material in modern construction.…

Q: Describe some of the factors to be considered in the designing of the beams

A: To describe the factors that are considered in the designing of the beam

Q: Discuss defects of Timber in detail, also draw a neat and clean diagram for each defect.

A: Solution: There are mainly 5 types of defects in timber:1. Defects due to natural Forces2. Defects…

Q: Why Split Tensile Strength Method Is The Best To Use For Philippine Setting?

A: The tensile strength of concrete is one of the basic and important properties which greatly affect…

Q: A two span beam subjected to shear and flexure only is reinforced as follows: @ FACE OF SUPPORTS…

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Sizing Joists and Rafters

In civil engineering and building construction, joists and rafters are the major components including beams and columns. Almost every structural construction including buildings, skyscrapers, bridges, commercial complexes, and so on makes use of joists and rafters to provide structural integrity to the building. Joists are primarily thick long pieces of metals, concrete, or wood that are used to support the floor and ceiling. On the other hand, rafters form the major component of pitched roofs, which are a series of sloped long pieces extending from a ridged area that makes contact with the plane area of the wall. They account for the load-bearing of the building along with the beams.