Anatomy and Physiology of Special Sensory Organs
Sensory organs can be labeled as special sensory structures that permit sight, hearing, odor, and flavor. Sensory structures permitting proprioception, touch, thermal, and pain perception can be classified as more advanced sensory organs. The sensory neurons are trained to find out modifications in the external and internal conditions so that a person's body can react to that change. A stimulus is the first signal that is recognized by any sensory receptor of the body. Stimulus is an impulse generated when there is a change in the surroundings of a person. For example, a heated environment will alert the brain through the thermal sensory organs and generate a reflex accordingly.
Sensory Receptors
The human sensory system is one of the most complex and highly evolved structures, which processes a myriad of incoming messages. This well-coordinated system helps an organism or individual to respond to external stimuli, appropriately. The sensory receptors are an important part of the sensory system. These receptors are specialized epidermal cells that respond to external environmental stimuli. These receptors consist of structural and support cells that form the peripheral unit of the receptor and the neural dendrites which receive and detect the external stimuli.
Introduction:-
- Hearing is a complex process which involves a series of events involving the collection of sound waves from air and then converting it into electrical singles which can be transmitted to brain and can be interpreted correctly.
Explanation:-
- The sound waves once collected by pinna follows a narrow passage named as ear canal after entering the outer ear. By travelling through ear canal the sound waves reaches the eardrum.
- As soon as the sound waves hits the eardrum it starts vibrating and these vibrations are then transferred to the middle ear.
- The middle ear contains 3 small bones named as malleus, incus and stapes which will function further to amplify the vibrations and then the amplified vibrations are transferred to inner ear.
- Inner ear consists of cochlea which is fluid filled snail shaped structure and is partitioned through an elastic sheet in an upper and lower part.
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