Describe the structural characteristics common to the paramyxoviruses,rhabdoviruses, and filoviruses.

Q: What are some of the stimuli that can trigger reactivation of a latent herpesvirus infection?…

A: A large family of viruses that are known to infect animals and cause blister formation along with…

Q: Recall the poxviruses that can infect humans and the diseases theycause.

A: The family of viruses is known as Poxviridae. Poxviruses are oval or brick-shaped with large dsDNA…

Q: Explain the history and impact of West Nile virus.

A: West Nile Virus (WNV) belongs to the “flavivirus” genus and “Flaviviridae” family. Infections caused…

Q: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the following viruses as vectors…

A: Virus is a microscopic agent which replicates inside the cells of organism.Study of viruses is…

Q: Describe the unique characteristic of reoviruses and recall thediseases they cause.

A: Viruses are very small and infective particles. These are primarily made up of nucleic acid and…

Q: Briefly describe the genetic structure of a typical retrovirus

A: Retrovirus is a kind of virus that once enters into the host's cell, inserts a copy of its genomic…

Q: How are the poxviruses different from other animal viruses?

A: Pox virus is the largest and complex animal virus belongs to poxviridae family. This virus can cause…

Q: explain the different parts of the Parvovirus lifecycle when it infects a host cell.

A: Parvovirus B19 (B19) was discovered in 1974 and is the only member of the family Parvoviridae known…

Q: What is the oxygen requirement of Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)?

A: Introduction  One of the nine known herpes viruses that infect people is human alphaherpesvirus 3,…

Q: What are adenovirus vectors  ?

A: Viruses are the obligate parasites.

Q: Explain the general properties of virus.

A: BASIC INFORMATION  MICROBES  they are the unicellular organisms which can not seen by naked eyes…

Q: Name two examples of Paramyxovirus and describe the diseasesthey cause.

A: Paramyxovirus is a group of viruses that causes various kinds of diseases in humans as well as…

Q: How many strains of enterovirus are there

A: Microbiology is the field of biology that mainly deals with the study of microorganisms, their…

Q: What structural attributes differentiate smallpox from most otherviruses?

A: Poxviruses contain DNA as their genetic material and are characterized by distinctive skin pustules…

Q: Describe the exposure, adherence, invasion, and infection of the common flu virus.

A: There are four kinds of influenza virus. Influenza A is the very frequently occurring one, followed…

Q: Difference between adenovirus and retrovirus?

A: Any group of common DNA viruses that infects the adenoid tissues are referred to as the…

Q: In what way are polydnaviruses mutualistic  partners with certain wasps?

A: The ecosystem is the community of a group of organisms interacting with each other. The species…

Q: Describe the route of infection and the virus’s pathologic effects.

A: Introduction  We are surrounded by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungus etc. Every…

Q: Though the exact mechanism of a norovirus infection is not known, give a generalized account of how…

A: The norovirus is a human enteric pathogen that causes vomiting and diarrhea in all the age groups.…

Q: Identify the Two principal means by which animal viruses penetrate?

A: Animal viruses, like most viruses, are small packets of protein and nucleic acid. They have a…

Q: Give three examples of host cell proteins that are used by viruses, and in each case describe which…

A: Introduction  A virus is an infectious agent which replicates inside the host cells. Virus can…

Q: What are lentiviruses?

A: Viruses are dignified as the acellular entity. They are unable to regenerate after they have quit…

Q: From an epidemiological perspective, why are most arthropod-borne viral diseases hard to control?

A: Arthropods are able to serve as vectors, suggesting that they play a significant role in the…

Q: What kinds of diseases are caused by adenoviruses?

A: Adenoviruses are very common type of virus that can infect humans at any time of the year. Here we…

Q: Cytomegaloviruses are a widespread and diverse group of:(a) Cytoviruses (b) Retroviruses(c)…

A: A virus is a very small submicroscopic agent that is known for causing infections in its host…

Q: How does hantavirus spread

A: The hantavirus belongs to the family of Bunyaviridae. Hantavirus is a type of virus that causes…

Q: Describe the most important calicivirus and the disease it causes.

A: Calicivirus group of viruses belonging to the family Caliciviridae. They are positive-sense,…

Q: explain how Astrovirus shows a higher level of persistence as compared to poliovirus or adenovirus…

A: The Astrovirus is a type or RNA genome virus that is responsible for causing diarrhea in infants and…

Q: Name two common diseases caused by herpesviruses.

A: Viruses are the obligate intracellular parasite. They always hijack the host cell machinery and they…

Q: Differentiate with examples between the different modes of viral transmission in insects.

A: Interaction of the virus with its insect host requires molecular interactions specific to both the…

Q: In what two ways does Corona virus invade and infect human cells?

A: The coronavirus is an enveloped virus that contains a positive-sense single-stranded (ss) RNA…

Q: Characterize the herpesviruses that commonly infect humans.

A: Herpes simplex virus causes genital herpes in humans. It is transmitted sexually either through…

Q: Compare and contrast the life cycles of influenza virus and coronavirus.

A: Introduction Both influenza (flu) and COVID-19 are contagious respiratory illnesses caused by…

Q: List three symptoms of the Bubonic Plague

A: BUBONIC PLAGUE- The plague is an infectious disease caused by a bacteria known as Yersinia pestis.…

Q: How does the role of reverse transcriptase in the replicationcycles of retroviruses and…

A: A virus is a group of microorganisms that consist of a submicroscopic infectious particle that…

Q: Describe the general structure of an adenovirus.

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside host cells. They can infect all types…

Q: Recall the characteristics of parvovirus that make it unique.

A: Parvovirus belongs to a group of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) virus that infects various species of…

Q: Outline the major events in the life cycles of poliovirus and tobacco mosaic virus, noting, when…

A: Polio virus life cycle: Poliovirus is the causative agent of polio. It belongs to family…

Q: What is unusual about genome replication in adenoviruses?

A: Adenoviruses are the double stranded DNA which is non-segmented and has the terminal inverted…

Q: How does reovirus genome replication resemble that ofinfluenza virus, and how does it differ?

A: Reo viruses may be ssRAN or dsRAN whereas Influenza viruses are ssRNA. Replication in both is…

Q: Summarize the signs, symptoms, and epidemiology associatedwith varicella-zoster virus,…

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside host cells. They can infect all types…

Q: What treatment could be prescribed for individuals suffering from a norovirus infection?

A: Norovirus is a highly contagious virus which is known to cause severe vomiting and diarrhea. The…

Q: Describe some clinical manifestations caused by acute respiratory viruses.

A: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infections of the respiratory tract which include the…

Q: Explain the main differences between enveloped and naked viruses.

A: Viruses are microscopic organisms that are neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic in nature. The viruses…

Q: Recall the structures seen in poxviruses that make them unique.

A: Viruses have simple structure that contains their genetic material either DNA or RNA (ribo nucleic…

Q: Distinguish enveloped viruses from nonenveloped viruses

A: Viruses are submicroscopic infectious agents that are acellular in nature. They lack the entities…

Q: Identify and explain in what ways does west nile virus impact human health

A: Introduction :- The West Nile Virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family of viruses, which also…

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.