Describe the organization of the nervous system. Distinguish between the functions of neurons and neuroglia. Describe the cell body of a neuron.
Describe the organization of the nervous system. Distinguish between the functions of neurons and neuroglia. Describe the cell body of a neuron.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Question
- Describe the organization of the nervous system.
- Distinguish between the functions of neurons and neuroglia.
- Describe the cell body of a neuron.
- Distinguish among the functions of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.
- Summarize the functions of each of the types of neuroglia (the exam will not ask about satellite cells) and describe how the myelin sheath is formed around a peripheral nervous system neuron.
- Explain why nerve impulse propagation is compromised in patients with multiple sclerosis.
- Distinguish between the composition of white matter and gray matter.
- Summarize neuron communication from the moment of receptor stimulation to the response of an effector, such as a muscle fiber, and define neurotransmitter, resting membrane potential, and current.
- Define
electrochemical gradients and the term “polarized”, and describe the electrochemical basis of the resting membrane potential including the function of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential. - Describe graded potentials including hyperpolarizing and depolarizing graded potentials.
- Describe action potentials (nerve impulses) including:
- Thresholds
- All-or-none principle
- Phases of action potential generation
- Refractory period
- Describe nerve impulse propagation including:
- Continuous and saltatory conduction
- Factors affecting impulse speed
- Encoding stimuli intensities
- Distinguish between graded potentials and action potentials.
- Describe synapses including:
- Components of a synapse
- How information is transferred from one neuron to another across a chemical synapse
- Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
- Summation of postsynaptic potentials
- Explain the importance of neurotransmitter removal from the synaptic cleft and describe three removal mechanisms.
- Compare the ability of neurons in the PNS and CNS to repair.
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