Describe how proteins are sequenced, and explain why sequence determination is important

Q: Define exon shuffling and explain why its occurrence might be an evolutionary advantage.

A: Gene expression is the process by which the instructions in the DNA are converted into a functional…

Q: Describe stabilizing multiprotein complexes.

A: The mechanism that stabilizes multiprotein complex comes under biophysics.

Q: Biochemistry: Site-directed mutagenesis, in which individual amino acid residues are replaced with…

A: Enzyme activity is used to assess the catalytic activity of an enzyme. One enzyme unit (U) is the…

Q: Describe how two protein sequences are aligned, and how one can determine whether that alignment is…

A: Sequence alignment is a way of arranging protein sequences to identify regions of similarity that…

Q: Compare miRNAs and siRNAs, including their functions.

A: Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) are non-coding RNA…

Q: Describe the key features of the Watson-Crick modelfor DNA structure.

A: In the year 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick gave the double-helical structure of DNA  which is…

Q: Define repetitive sequence, and explain how repetitive sequences affect genome sizes.

A: All the genetic material that an organism has is referred as genome. The genetic material can be in…

Q: Discuss the search for genetic materials?

A: Genetic materials are present in the nucleus of an organism.

Q: . What is the biological benefit of a degenerate genetic code?

A: Genetic code is the set of nucleotide bases, which are known to carry genetic information from the…

Q: A very common molecular biology research method is to analyze cell or tissue homogenates by…

A: In molecular biology research, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting,…

Q: Consider the following coding 71 nucleotide DNA template sequence (It does not contain a…

A: In cell protein formed according to the sequence on mRNA. mRNA is formed from DNA sequence by the…

Q: Describe a technique you would use to identify the location of mRNA in an organism.

A: ANS: Microarray analysis enables researchers to look at expression patterns across all of the genes…

Q: Explain the mechanisms on the proofreading of DNA.

A: Biological macromolecules are those large molecules that are necessary for the survival and growth…

Q: Discuss how RNA is able to achieve complex structures for its function in cells

A: There are different macromolecules present in living organisms. They include carbohydrates, nucleic…

Q: Define the following terms:a. protein motifb. conjugated proteinc. dyneind. zwitterione.…

A: Introduction: Proteins are major biomolecules that consist of long chains of amino acids. The…

Q: describe sanger sequencing, also known as capillary sequencing, and explain how it works chemically…

A: Dye terminator technique is modified version of the conventional dideoxy chain termination method…

Q: Use the sequence alignment tool Smith and Waterman for the amino acid number 16-30 of the protein…

A: The Smith-Waterman algorithm uses local sequence alignment to find similar regions between two…

Q: Explain how a target protein is separated from other cell proteins given a specific purification…

A: Protein purification entails essentially five types of steps: 1) efficient extraction from…

Q: Explain the importance of the reading frame of a proteincoding gene

A: A gene is an area of DNA molecule or polymer of amino acid that encodes function. A chromosome…

Q: BLAST searches and related applications are essential for analyzinggene and protein sequences.…

A: In bioinformatics alignment tools are used to compare the sequences and find similarities between…

Q: Describe the problems associated with using a polypeptide’sprimary sequence to determine its final…

A: A polypeptide is a straight natural polymer comprising of countless amino-acid deposits fortified…

Q: How is the reading frame of a nucleotide sequence set?

A: A reading frame is a nucleotide triplet sequence that may be translated into a polypeptide and is…

Q: During planetary exploration a new life form is discovered which has a DNA genome containing 6…

A: A genetic code is defined as the blueprint for the synthesis of proteins. Normally, three nucleotide…

Q: Describe the process of DNA repair and proofreading.

A: DNA polymerases are enzymes that help cells create DNA. Most DNA polymerases can "check  this ,with…

Q: Briefly describe translation?with examples.

A: Genetic information of an organism is secured in the DNA (or RNA, in certain viruses). It may be…

Q: What type of DNA structure is recognized by RecG and RuvABC?Do you think these proteins recognize…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a genetic material of most organisms. DNA contains the instructions…

Q: Briefly explain the two processes of transcription and translation and highlight the roles of the…

A: Transcription is the first step of gene expression where an RNA polymer is made from a DNA template.…

Q: Explain the types of  DNA Libraries ?

A: A library is a collection of DNA fragments kept and propagated in a population of microorganisms…

Q: Explain how protein-encoding regions are found when analyzing a DNA sequence.

A: Genes and intergenic gaps are found in the DNA of eukaryotes. Exons and introns are the two subunits…

Q: Intrinsically disordered regions of proteins can be identified using bioinformatic methods to search…

A: Despite the classical structure-function paradigm (which is often visualized because the…

Q: Describe how to predict intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) and intrinsically disordered regions…

A: Intrinsically disordered regions are polypeptide segments that do not form a defined…

Q: Explain the roles of codons, anticodons, initiator codons, and terminator codons.

A: To synthesize protein molecules, a cell must first transfer information from DNA to mRNA through the…

Q: How DNA libraries are formed? Give some examples of usage.

A: A DNA library is an assortment (collection) of DNA pieces that have been cloned into vectors so…

Q: Discuss the concept and consequences of built-in redundancy as it applies to amino acid sequences.…

A: The amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.There are 20 different types of amino acids.…

Microbial Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of naming, classifying, and describing organisms. The taxonomy will include all the plants, microorganisms, and animals on this planet. Carl Linnaeus coined the taxonomy term. He is known as the father of taxonomy. Microbial taxonomy is a criterion of grouping microorganisms into groups based on their similarities and past relatedness. Microorganisms belonging to the same group are differentiated from the others via grouping into categories. This differentiation makes the study of microorganisms easy. There are different types of microbial taxonomies like Numerical and Molecular taxonomy. The study of microorganisms is known as microbiology. Microbiology is a broad term that takes into account microbial cultures, taxonomic studies, evolutionary relationships. Microbial interaction and diversity are huge data that needs to be compiled under the subject of microbiology. Microbiology covers various organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc.