Describe a rough structure of a phospholipid and explain the main difference with sphingolipid.

What properties does a phospholipid head group impart to the lipid, and why is that useful for a cell?

When a small amount of oil is added to a beaker of water con phospholipids, the phospholipids will surround the oil droplets forming micelles. Draw several cartoon representations of phospholipid molecules (with a head and tails) to show the arrangement or orientation of phospholipids in a micelle.

Explain how the lipid bilayer modulate the activity of proteins. Give 2 examples.

Create an oligopeptide via dehydration synthesis using the following amino acids trp and gly

Although the first two carbons of fructose and glucose are identical in structure to DHAP and GADP (from glycolysis), DHAP and GADP equilibriate on their in solution to favor the ketone over the aldehyde, while fructose and glucose do not.  Why? a)The larger size of the molecule sterically hinders the isomerization b)The larger sugars have more OH groups which hydrogen bond and disrupt isomerization c)The larger sugars cyclize, and there is no carbonyl to isomerize in the cyclic form d)The larger sugars cyclize, and in the cyclic form the hydrogen bonding is very strong e)The larger sugars are less soluble in water than the smaller sugars

Lipid bilayers form spontaneously in a process driven by the hydrophobic effect. Explain how the hydrophobic effect drives bilayer formation from individual lipids in an aqueous environment. Describe how the physical properties of the lipid bilayer are determined by the chemical properties of the membrane lipid components. Diagrams are encouraged for both parts of the question.

Describe three types of the amphipathic lipid aggregates that form in water.

Draw the structure of cholesterol and show the parts of the molecule that orients towards the inside and outside of the plasma membrane.

Draw a sketch of a lipid bilayer, the structure that forms when a lipid such as phosphatidyl serine is dissolved in water.