Describe a couple of ways in which normal flora interact symbiotically with their host. – look up why normal flora is beneficial to the human host

Explain how an insect can act as a mechanical vector for one disease and a biological vector for another?

What are the three ways microbes can interact symbiotically with humans? Give an example of a bacterial organism for each.

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a pathogenicity island? They cannot be acquired through horizontal gene transmission. They don't confer fitness to the pathogen. They are flanked by plasmid or phage sequences. The ratio of GC/AT is different in the islands vs. the genome.

The epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors contribute to an outbreak – an agent that causes the disease, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. Some general changes within these three factors that may cause an infectious disease to emerge include:     A. changes in populations or behavior of reservoir hosts or intermediate hosts   B. microbial genetic mutation and viral genetic recombination or assortment    C. environmental factors such as an increase in precipitation   D. all of the above    E. none of the above

What are some common pathogenicities between bacteria, fungi, and viruses? Do they have similar toxins, enzymes, etc?

What are three good reasons that the idea of using predatory bacteria to combat infections is particularly attractive?

Nelson uses the analogy of a cracker with peanut butter to describe colonized leaves. Which component of the system does the peanut butter represent?

Describe the interactions of Agrobacterium tumefaciens with its host plant. Why is this plant pathogen useful for biotechnology?

Why are viruses considered to be essential for the maintenance and continued growth of aquatic ecosystems that include bacteria and phytoplankton?