Describe a condition where downdrag loads might be a problem.

Q: What are the ladder ratings and their load capacity?

A: Concept- Ladder- A ladder is used for climbing up or down. A ladder may be of wood, metal, etc.

Q: How to determine the design loads.

A: The design load is defined as the maximum amount of loading that any structure is designed to…

Q: Describe the Modification Factors for Eccentric and Inclined Loads.

A: Modification factors for inclined loadings: In case of footing (strip, square, circular or any…

Q: Explain where can be the raft or mat foundation adopted ?

A: Raft or mat foundation is used once the soil layer is unstable. during this case, strip foundation…

Q: Define the process of Selecting the more significant combination of loads ?

A: Load combinations A load combinations results when more than one load type acts on the structure.…

Q: ELEVATION Concrete Piles - 450 x 450 mm C-1 - 1800 x 2000 mm C-2 - 1600 x 2000 mm There 6 identical…

A: A foundation plan is given we need to find out volume of concrete

Q: Explain Bearing Capacity Equations.

A: Terzaghi developed bearing capacity equation for general shear failure for a uniformly loaded strip…

Q: What is the Effect of Water Table on Bearing Capacity ?

A: The presence of water table have following effects on the baring capacity of soil:

Q: How to Estimate the factors affecting Bearing capacity ?

A: Factors Affecting Bearing Capacity of Soils The following factors affect the bearing capacity of…

Q: List different types of design loads?

A: Brief concept- Design loads- These are those loads that act on the structure and decide the…

Q: Define Dead loads

A: Dead loads are the permanent and constant loads that act on a building. Dead load is generally the…

Q: How does the apparent pressure diagram represents conditions for a completed bracing system?

A: Lateral Earth Pressure Diagram for Sheet bracing system suggested by PECK (1969)

Q: Explain why should stirrups be spaced closer at the supports based on ACI Code requirements? What is…

A: Stirrups are closed loops of reinforcement bars. The main function of stirrups is to hold the…

Q: Why are rollers used as support and loading mechanism in flexure instead of just using a simple…

A:

Q: Explain in detail how one can determine the maximum force due to impact loading?

A: Concept- Impact Loading- Impact loading is the sudden load that is applied over a body in a very…

Q: What are the different types of wind load?

A: Moving wind generates load i.e wind load which acts horizontally on structures mainly high rise…

Q: Explain the Excessive heave due to swelling, frost and other causes ?

A: Heaving or Bulging of Soil:- It occurs due to the expansion in soil containing montmorillonite in…

Q: how apply wind load on a structure....

A: Any structure is more than 15m in height then wind load is considered essentially. Wind exerts…

Q: Explain what is the deflection limit (live load) for bridge slabs ?

A: Solution: According to AASHTO system the live load is basically limited to L/800 to L/1000 for the…

Q: Explain the BOUSSINESCTS FORMULA FOR POINT LOADS ?

A: A semi-infinite solid is the one bounded on one side by a horizontal surface here the surface of the…

Q: Define The applied loads

A: Applied loads are characterized by rapid changes in magnitude, which can result in structural…

Q: Define Load Combinations for ASD

A: Answer Introduction ASD ASD represents the allowable stress design ASD consists of the load…

Q: Define Downdrag loads

A: Pile foundation is type of deep foundation in which column is inserted into the ground. It made of…

Q: Describe Pressure zones assumed for calculating strut loads.

A: Typical section showing different zones:

Q: identify the structural mechanisms by which lateral loads are resisted by the system?

A: There are mainly two loads gravity load and lateral loads are considered while designing a…

Q: Determine the maximum combined loads using the recommendedAISC expressions for LRFD. D = 9000 lb, L…

A: Determine the maximum combined loads for LRFD using the below relation:…

Q: What is the reduction ratio of a single roll crusher?

A: As the number of roll increases ratio decreases

Q: Define Earthquake loads (E)

A: Introduction: The loads generated by the movements of ground accelerations which is internal is…

Q: Explain ‘eccentric loading’ on columns and piers?

A:

Q: What is a dead load?

A: the load which is permanent with the structure and acts at all times is known as dead load.   you…

Q: Define the Equivalent Point Load Method ?

A: Answer:- Equivalent Point Load Method:- In this method the given loaded area is divided into a…

Q: What is general shear failure?

A: When the load applied to foundation is increased in a gradual manner, the settlement increases. This…

Q: Define Permanent loads

A: The magnitude, line of action, and the point of application of load that remains unchanged are…

Q: List all the activities under foundation works in Constrution

A: Foundation work is the base of any structure which transmit the load from structure to the earth.…

Q: Questions: b). The question is about staad. What type of structural member will you place to act as…

A:

Q: Why does the maximum snow load occur simultaneously with the maximum dead and live loads?

A: The design of a structure consists of considering all the loads acting on the structure so that the…

Q: Define the below term ? Gross foundation pressure (or gross contact pressure, or, gross loading…

A: Gross foundation pressure; It is the total pressure at the bottom of the footing because of weight…

Q: Explain the Bearing Capacity Factors ?

A: Brief concept- Bearing capacity factors are used to determine the bearing capacity of the soil in…

Q: How Vertical point load applied within the medium ?

A: Solution: The vertical point load are applied to the surface of the medium will be basically the…

Q: Discuss the brief notes on : Mat foundation  ?

A: Foundation A foundation is a structure which  connects to the ground and foundation transfers the…

Q: Why are voids filled with lightweight infilling material in raft foundation ofpumping stations?

A: Answer:- Raft foundation: A raft footing is a footing that covers the entire area below a structure…

Q: A square tied column carries an axial dead load of 580 kN and an axial live load of 850 kN. Assume…

A: The factored load, Pu isPu=1.2(DL)+1.6(LL)     =1.2×580+1.6×850     =2056 KNAssume, ρg=0.03The…

Q: You are given the option to use either two layers of reinforcement in a simply supported rectangular…

A:

Q: Discuss Types and Sources of Loads

A: There seem to be a variety of different loading styles which might operate on a framework, depending…

Q: Explain allowable bearing pressure ?

A: Soils are tested for their allowable bearing pressure.

Q: he applied loads. Is the knowledge of the size of the structure necessary? 60° B 3L C 60° 60° E 1L…

A: degree of static indeterminacy, Ds = m+r-2j m = total number of members = 7 r = = total number of…

Q: Fall protection is generally required in Construction over? O 4 ft O 6 ft O 8 ft 10 ft

A: Fall hazards occur in construction works mainly due to falling of materials and tools over workers…

Q: What is Timber piles?

A: Pile foundation is a type of deep foundation. In this type of foundation the piles generally a…

Q: A footing is to support a total column load of 1500 kN. The building is underlain by clay soil as…

A:

Q: How can unknown vibrations, impacts, or unintentional loadings occur?

A: Loadings due to unknown vibrations:                       Unknown vibrations include various types…

Q: When can the flexure formula be applied?

A: Flexure refers to the action of curving or bending or the condition of being curved or bent. Due to…

Q: Define live loads ?

A: Live load refers to a load that do or can change over time such as people walking around a building…

Q: Using the sketches and notes explain the two ways steel joist are usually braced against…

A: Steel joists are braced against instability in two ways: 1) horizontal bridging to the top of joist…

Q: What is the factor of safety against sliding? What is the factor of safety against erturning?

A: given- a gravity dam 12m height made of concrete  required-to find a) resultant from toe b) F.O.S…

Q: Explain the Rigid box caisson foundation.

A: Caisson Foundation: A Caisson Foundation is a retaining structure which is watertight, used as pier…

Q: Explain Full-scale load tests.

A: Full-scale load tests : To examine the structural adequacy and efficiency  Full scale test is done .…

Q: Does mat foundation applicable to all type of structure?

A: Mat foundation is type of slab that is used as a foundation. It  transfers load to a larger area and…

Q: Describe the three main principles of Lean Construction?

A: Principle of lean construction:Just like alternative industries that incorporate Lean, there's…

Q: How will you explain ‘eccentric loading’ on columns and piers?

A: Brief concept- Column and piers are structural members used in the construction of civil projects.…

Braced cuts

The braced cut is a method of providing lateral support to the soil in foundation trenches, to prevent the trenches from deformation by the caving in of soil and resisting it from moving laterally. During shallow excavation in firm soil, generally, slopes are provided to resist the caving in of soil. During shallow excavation in soft soil and deep excavation, the chances of caving in of soil increase. Hence, it becomes necessary to make a provision to resist the deformation of trenches due to caving in of soil. The braced cut is the method used for such conditions. The excavation using braced cuts is a bit uneconomical as compared to the traditional open-cut excavation method but provides better safety than the cut excavation method.