MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
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Denny studied factors affecting cardiovascular reactivity to a postural change in a sample of healthy men and women. Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from supine to standing position was used as the measure of cardiac reactivity in a sample of 842 adults. Supine measurement of blood pressure was taken after participants had lain on an examination table for 15 minutes. Blood pressure was determined every 30 seconds using a Dinamap device for 2 minutes, and the measurements were averaged. Participants then stood up immediately, and additional measurements were made for another 2 minutes. Below is a table describing the characteristics of Denny’s sample:
- Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on a nominal scale?
- Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on an ordinal scale?
- Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on an interval scale?
- Which variables in the table, if any, were measured on a ratio scale?
- Which measures of
central tendency , if any, are presented in this table? - Which measures of dispersion, if any, are presented in this table (Ranges, SDs)?
- If age is
normally distributed , approximately what percent of the sample would be younger than 50? - If BMI is normally distributed, approximately what percent of the sample would have a BMI higher than 33.1?
Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Sample (N=842)
|
Sample Characteristic |
Frequency (n) |
Percent or Mean (SD) |
|
|
|
Gender |
Female |
408 |
48.5% |
55.1 |
|
Male |
434 |
51.5% |
||
|
Age (years) |
|
842 |
(5.1) |
44–67 |
|
Age 60 and older |
101 |
16.2% |
||
|
Race/ethnicity |
White, not Hispanic |
701 |
83.3% |
|
|
African American |
141 |
16.7% |
||
|
Smoking status |
Nonsmoker |
698 |
82.9% |
24.9 |
|
Currently smokes ≤ 1 packs/day |
91 |
10.8% |
||
|
Currently smokes 1+ packs/day |
53 |
6.3% |
||
|
BMI |
BMI |
831 |
(4.1) |
18.1–36.3 |
|
BMI > 25 (overweight) |
295 |
35.5% |
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