Deformation of the plasma membrane to form a vesicle is a thermodynamically unfavorable process and therefore requires energy. In the case of clathrin-coated vesicle formation, explain how this energy is supplied.

Which of the following mechanisms is used to return mis-sorted proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum? O Receptor mediated endocytosis O COPII coated vesicles O COPI coated vesicles O Retrograde transport O Autophagy « Previous

According to the “Hawaiian Punch” principle, different compartments of the secretory and endocytic pathways are topologically equivalent to each other and to the extracellular space. Explain how vesicular transport generates this topological equivalence. These compartments are topologically equivalent because molecules can move between them without having to move out of the cell. Transport vesicles cause this “topological equivalence” because they are responsible for the actual movement of the molecules mentioned above. They break off from one compartment, carrying the necessary molecules, and then fuse to its targeted compartment; thus, making the compartments topologically equivalent.  During mitosis in mammalian cells, the nuclear envelope breaks down into vesicles. Are the topological properties of the cell altered by this event? Justify your answer.

The cytoplasm of a certain cell is composed of a solution that is 98% water, 2% solutes. Consider the solution shown in the beaker in this picture: FOOE OOS Foor solution. [Select] Cytoplasm is 98% water, 2% solutes. The solution in the beaker would be considered when compared to [Select] The plasma membrane is impermeable to solutes. Beaker solution is 98% water, 2% solutes the cell. We would expect that the cell would [Select] if it was placed in the would account for whatever changes might occur to the volume of the cytoplasm of the cell when it is placed in the solution.