Define the following terms: a. experimental factor b. classification factor c. fixed effect factor d. random effect factor

3.24: The data in the accompanying table are from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (data.oecd.org/eduatt/population-with-tertiary-education.htm, retrieved February 18, 2018). Entries in the table are the percentage of 25- to 34-year-old people who have completed a 4-year college degree for 27 countries in 2016.   Country Percentage of people age 25 to 34 with 4-year degree Country Percentage of people age 25 to 34 with 4-year degree Australia 49.3 Italy 25.6 Austria 39.7 Japan 60.1 Canada 60.6 Mexico 21.8 Colombia 28.1 New Zealand 43.4 Costa Rica 28.9 Norway 48.6 Czech Republic 32.6 Poland 43.5 Denmark 45.9 Portugal 35.0 Finland 41.1 Spain 41.0 France 44.0 Sweden 47,.2 Germany 30.5 Switzerland 48.8 Greece 41.0 Turkey 30.5 Hungary 30.4 United Kingdom 52.0 Iceland 43.3 United States 47.5 Israel 47.4…

6.34 Barking deer. Microhabitat factors associated with forage and bed sites of barking deer in Hainan Island, China were examined. In this region woods make up 4.8% of the land, cultivated grass plot makes up 14.7%, and deciduous forests make up 39.6%. Of the 426 sites where the deer forage, 4 were categorized as woods, 16 as cultivated grassplot, and 61 as deciduous forests. The table below summarizes these data.39 Woods Cultivated grassplot Deciduous forests Other Total 4 16 61 345 426 (a) Write the hypotheses for testing if barking deer prefer to forage in cer- tain habitats over others. (b) What type of test can we use to answer this research question? (c) Check if the assumptions and conditions required for this test are sat- isfied. (d) Do these data provide convincing evidence that barking deer prefer to forage in certain habitats over others? Conduct an appropriate hypoth- esis test to answer this research question. Photo by Shrikant Rao (http://flic.kr/p/4Xjdkk) CC BY 2.0…

An owner of an ice cream shop wants to investigate whether a new training program affects the scooping skills of ice cream shop employees. To assess this, the owner divides employees into two groups: those who receive training (CT) and those who do not (NT). The owner evaluates their scooping skills using a scooping proficiency test. The dataset includes the test scores of the NT (no training) group: 15.00, 7.00, 18.00, 10.00, 6.00, and 20.00, and the CT (trained) group: 15.00, 10.00, 14.00, 7.00, 21.00, and 21.00. The owner is aware of the known population mean for scooping proficiency, which is 20. The hypothesis is that employees who did not receive training (NT) will likely have lower scooping proficiency than the population mean. To investigate this hypothesis, the owner conducts a one-sample t-test with a significance level (alpha) set at 0.05. The objective is to determine if the mean scooping proficiency of the NT group is significantly different from the established population…

A state fisheries commission wants to estimate the number of bass caught in a given lake during a season in order to restock the lake with the appropriate number of young fish. The commission could get a fairly accurate assessment of the seasonal catch by extensive “netting sweeps" of the lake before and after a season, but this technique is much too expensive to be done routinely. Therefore, the commission samples a number of lakes and record the seasonal catch (thousands of bass per square mile of lake area) and size of lake (square miles). A simple linear regression was performed and the following R output obtained. Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 2.5463 0.4427 5.7513 0.0000 size 0.0667 0.3672 0.1818 0.8578 If a scatterplot showed a non-linear relationship between the response and explanatory variables, what should be done? O Nothing. Continue the analysis as is. Stop the analysis. Perform a natural log transformation on the response variable first. O Perform a…

Concerned about the initial monitoring data, the environmental action group decides to continue to monitor the plant, and try to gather more evidence for their case. A random sample of twenty-six hours is selected over a period of a week. The observations (gallons of wastewater discharged per hour) are 1036 1047 996 1052 1136 1131 958 1058 1087 1146 1111 1040 884 997 1130 994 963 1127 1136 1126 The output of a statistical analysis software on this dataset is shown below N Mean Std. Dev. 26 1081 89.6 Reading the output, we find that • The sample size is n = • The sample mean is a • The sample standard deviation is s = • From this we can calculate the standard error to be SE Note that the observed sample mean is is greater than 1000 gallons per hour. This could mean that the plant is discharging more wastewater than they promised, or the plant could be in compliance, and the large numbers were due to sampling variability. To see if this is the case, we will test the hypothesis that u…

A study is performed to assess the prevalence of use of anti-hypertensive medication (MEDS) in the non-institutionalized U.S. population. The following data are reported for MEDS status of the U.S. population by age-sex group:   Table 1   Estimated MEDS Status of the U.S. Population by age and sex group, NHANES study 1999-2018     Males       Females   Age Group MEDS = yes Na   Age Group MEDS = yes Na 18-29 160,617 23,069,867   18-29 168,940 22,132,949 30-39 899,152 18,690,754   30-39 759,532 18,937,878 40-49 2,264,304 18,316,125   40-49 2,257,203 18,816,304 50-59 3,215,688 15,022,905   50-59 4,059,363 15,997,653 60-69 2,936,183 8,400,156   60-69 4,260,975 10,993,805 70-79 1,677,664 4,012,930   70-79 2,953,646 6,012,728   aN = total sample size in specific age-sex groups.   a. What is the prevalence of use of MEDS in 40-49 year-old females? b. Suppose a married couple consists…

The following is data about the hemoglobin concentrations of volunteers collected at sea level and at an altitude of 11000 feet. sea level concentrations = [14.70 , 15.22, 15.28, 16.58, 15.10 , 15.66, 15.91, 14.41, 14.73, 15.09, 15.62, 14.92]11000 feet concentrations = [14.81, 15.68, 15.57, 16.59, 15.21, 15.69, 16.16, 14.68, 15.09, 15.30 , 16.15, 14.76] There are two alternative scenarios about the way the data were obtained. In scenario 1, there are 12 volunteers who lived for a month at sea level, at which time blood was drawn and the data in "sea level concentrations" dataset were obtained.  Subsequently, all 12 volunteers were moved to 11000 ft and after a month the data in the "11000 feet concentrations" dataset obtained.  There is a one to one correspondence between the numbers in the two datasets, that is the first numbers correspond to volunteer1, the second numbers to volunteer2 etc. In scenario 2, the "sea level concentrations" dataset  is a random sample obtained from 12…

The paper “State-Level Cancer Mortality Attributable to Cigarette Smoking in the United States’, (JAMA Internal Medicine [2016]: 1792-1798) included the following state estimates of the total number cancer deaths attributable to cigarette smoking in 2014.   Number of   State Number of   People Number of   State Number of   People Alabama 3,183 Montana 581 Alaska 296 Nebraska 927 Arizona 3,246 Nevada 1,535 Arkansas 2,175 New Hampshire 723 California 14,689 New Jersey 4,388 Colorado 1,876 New Mexico 964 Connecticut 1,774 New York 9,296 Delaware 591 North Carolina 5,844 District of Columbia 310 North Dakota 341 Florida 12,596 Ohio 7,598 Georgia 4,816 Oklahoma 2,441 Hawaii 642 Oregon 2,143 Idaho 731 Pennsylvania 7,931 Illinois 7,114 Rhode Island 631 Indiana 4,099 South Carolina 2,962 Iowa 1,793 South Dakota 476 Kansas…

Consider the partially completed ANOVA summary table below. Complete parts a through d below.   Source df SS MS F Regression 1 400     Residual         Total 9 1100     a. Complete the remaining entries in the table.   Source df SS MS F Regression 1 400 nothing nothing Residual nothing nothing nothing   Total 9 1100     b.How many ordered pairs are in this​ sample? c. Calculate the sample coefficient of determinatio d. Using α=​0.05, what conclusions can be made about the population coefficient of​ determination? Determine the null and alternative hypotheses. Choose the correct answer below.     A. H0​: ρ2≤0 H1​: ρ2>0   B. H0​: ρ2>0 H1​: ρ2=0   C. H0​: ρ2<0 H1​: ρ2≥0   D. H0​: ρ2≥0 H1​: ρ2<0