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DATA TABLE 1: Seismograph Station IC.LSA KMBO GUMO P-wave Arrival S-wave Arrival Time Difference (S-P) Epicenter Distance

DATA TABLE 1: Seismograph Station IC.LSA KMBO GUMO P-wave Arrival S-wave Arrival Time Difference (S-P) Epicenter Distance

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
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Use the map and charts below to answer the data table 1 

DATA TABLE 1: Seismograph Station IC.LSA KMBO GUMO P-wave Arrival S-wave Arrival Time Difference (S-P) Epicenter Distance
Transcribed Image Text:DATA TABLE 1: Seismograph Station IC.LSA KMBO GUMO P-wave Arrival S-wave Arrival Time Difference (S-P) Epicenter Distance
The Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami December 26, 2004 Introduction: The incredible damage and tragic loss of life resulting from the 9.1 magnitude earthquake and ensuing tsunami was shocking and almost beyond belief. The event marked the most devastating natural disaster to hit the world in the last century (up until the latest Japanese disaster, 2011.) While earthquakes are somewhat unpredictable, and always beyond our control, earthquake related tsunamis can be measured and predicted in time to provide some warning to residents of susceptible coastal areas, and shoreline structures can be built to withstand the force of a tsunami. And there are natural warning signs of impending tsunamis, too, that properly understood and heeded can give individuals along the shore time to get to higher ground. Unfortunately for the tens of thousands of victims of the tsunami, a warning system did not exist in the Indian Ocean Basin, most shoreline structures were not built to reduce the destruction from the force of a tsunami, and many people on the shores did not recognize or understand the warnings nature provided. We will learn from this tragedy, and hopefully work to provide better warning systems, better construction, and better natural disaster preparedness education in the future. In this lab you'll study seismograms from 3 different seismic stations recording the magnitude 9.1 Sumatra earthquake of December 26th, 2004. By comparing the arrival times of the P and S waves on each seismogram, you'll be able to determine the distance from the epicenter to each station. Using that data, you can accurately map the location of the epicenter of the earthquake. Once you've located the epicenter, you'll calculate the position of the tsunami generated by the quake at one hour intervals. From those determinations, you will be able to predict how much time people had before the tsunami crashed onto their shores. Finally, you will investigate some of the ways people can lessen the impact of the next great tsunami. Materials: ● ● ● ● ● 2 sets of 3 seismograms from the same earthquake (included here) Drawing compass P- and S-wave travel time curves (included here) Tectonic map of the world Maps 1 and 2 for plotting the earthquake epicenter (included here) General map of the Indian Ocean (included here) Procedure Part 1: Finding the Epicenter 1. Read the time of the P and S waves at each station and place that information in your data table below. Read each arrival time to the nearest second. Note: The first vertical line marks the P-wave arrival and the second vertical line marks the S-wave arrival time. 2. Devise a way to determine the amount of time that elapsed between the arrival of the P and S waves at each station. One way is to subtract the P-wave arrival time from the S-wave arrival time (S-P), though there is a more direct way to get that information off the seismogram. Double check and record your results in DATA TABLE 1. 3. Use the P and S wave travel-time curves to find the distance from each station to the earthquake epicenter. Do this by finding the unique epicenter distance where the difference in the P and S wave travel times is exactly equal to the difference you calculated from the seismogram. Record that distance in the last column of the data table. 4. On the "Indonesian Earthquake" map, use the map scale and your compass to draw circles around each station of a radius equal to the epicenter distances that you just determined using the travel time curves. 5. The intersection of the 3 circles marks the epicenter of the 'quake. Label it "Epicenter" on your map. Maps and Charts Amplitude mm/s Amplitude microns/sec 1.00- Amplitude microns/sec 0.50- 0.00- -0.50- -1.00-> 100- 50- IC.LSA (Tibet, China): Latitude:29.7 N, Longitude:91.15 E http://www.fdsn.org/station_book/IC/LSA/Isa.html 0- 50- -100- 150- 150- 100- 50- 0- 01:03:00 -50- -100- -150- -200- -250- -300- SEISMOGRAMS for Part 1 01:04:00 01:05:00 01:06:00 01:07:00 01:08:00 .. Tibet, Chane BHZ (29.7 N, 91.15 E) f 01:08:00 01:09:00 01:10:00 01:11:00 01:12:00 01:13:00 01:14:00 01:15:00 01:16:00 01:17:00 -UNMBO P S (1.13 5, 37.25 E) KMBO Latitude: 1.13 S, Longitude: 37.25 E http://www.fdsn.org/station book/LU/KMBO/kmbo.html 01:09:00 01:10:00 I 01:03:00 01:04:00 01:05:00 01:06:00 01:07:00 01:08:00 01:09:00 01:10:00 01 .. 01 יידיי דיי ייוי יידיייי ו י-יי ---דייייידייייידיידיי 01:08:00 01:09:00 01:10:00 01:11:00 01:12:00 01:13:00 01:14:00 01:15:00 01:16:00 01:17:00 .. 01:06:00 01:07:00 01:08:00 01:09:00 01:10:00 01:11:00 01:12:00 01:13:00 01:14:00 01:15:00 Guam, Mariana Islands P (13.59 N, 144.87E) GUMO - Guam, Mariana Islands Latitude: 13.59 N, Longitude: 144.87 E http://www.fdsn.org/station book/IU/GUMO/qumo.htmi 01:06:00 01:07:00 01:08:00 01:09:00 01:10:00 01:11:00 01:12:00 01:13:00 01:14:00 01:15:00
Transcribed Image Text:The Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami December 26, 2004 Introduction: The incredible damage and tragic loss of life resulting from the 9.1 magnitude earthquake and ensuing tsunami was shocking and almost beyond belief. The event marked the most devastating natural disaster to hit the world in the last century (up until the latest Japanese disaster, 2011.) While earthquakes are somewhat unpredictable, and always beyond our control, earthquake related tsunamis can be measured and predicted in time to provide some warning to residents of susceptible coastal areas, and shoreline structures can be built to withstand the force of a tsunami. And there are natural warning signs of impending tsunamis, too, that properly understood and heeded can give individuals along the shore time to get to higher ground. Unfortunately for the tens of thousands of victims of the tsunami, a warning system did not exist in the Indian Ocean Basin, most shoreline structures were not built to reduce the destruction from the force of a tsunami, and many people on the shores did not recognize or understand the warnings nature provided. We will learn from this tragedy, and hopefully work to provide better warning systems, better construction, and better natural disaster preparedness education in the future. In this lab you'll study seismograms from 3 different seismic stations recording the magnitude 9.1 Sumatra earthquake of December 26th, 2004. By comparing the arrival times of the P and S waves on each seismogram, you'll be able to determine the distance from the epicenter to each station. Using that data, you can accurately map the location of the epicenter of the earthquake. Once you've located the epicenter, you'll calculate the position of the tsunami generated by the quake at one hour intervals. From those determinations, you will be able to predict how much time people had before the tsunami crashed onto their shores. Finally, you will investigate some of the ways people can lessen the impact of the next great tsunami. Materials: ● ● ● ● ● 2 sets of 3 seismograms from the same earthquake (included here) Drawing compass P- and S-wave travel time curves (included here) Tectonic map of the world Maps 1 and 2 for plotting the earthquake epicenter (included here) General map of the Indian Ocean (included here) Procedure Part 1: Finding the Epicenter 1. Read the time of the P and S waves at each station and place that information in your data table below. Read each arrival time to the nearest second. Note: The first vertical line marks the P-wave arrival and the second vertical line marks the S-wave arrival time. 2. Devise a way to determine the amount of time that elapsed between the arrival of the P and S waves at each station. One way is to subtract the P-wave arrival time from the S-wave arrival time (S-P), though there is a more direct way to get that information off the seismogram. Double check and record your results in DATA TABLE 1. 3. Use the P and S wave travel-time curves to find the distance from each station to the earthquake epicenter. Do this by finding the unique epicenter distance where the difference in the P and S wave travel times is exactly equal to the difference you calculated from the seismogram. Record that distance in the last column of the data table. 4. On the "Indonesian Earthquake" map, use the map scale and your compass to draw circles around each station of a radius equal to the epicenter distances that you just determined using the travel time curves. 5. The intersection of the 3 circles marks the epicenter of the 'quake. Label it "Epicenter" on your map. Maps and Charts Amplitude mm/s Amplitude microns/sec 1.00- Amplitude microns/sec 0.50- 0.00- -0.50- -1.00-> 100- 50- IC.LSA (Tibet, China): Latitude:29.7 N, Longitude:91.15 E http://www.fdsn.org/station_book/IC/LSA/Isa.html 0- 50- -100- 150- 150- 100- 50- 0- 01:03:00 -50- -100- -150- -200- -250- -300- SEISMOGRAMS for Part 1 01:04:00 01:05:00 01:06:00 01:07:00 01:08:00 .. Tibet, Chane BHZ (29.7 N, 91.15 E) f 01:08:00 01:09:00 01:10:00 01:11:00 01:12:00 01:13:00 01:14:00 01:15:00 01:16:00 01:17:00 -UNMBO P S (1.13 5, 37.25 E) KMBO Latitude: 1.13 S, Longitude: 37.25 E http://www.fdsn.org/station book/LU/KMBO/kmbo.html 01:09:00 01:10:00 I 01:03:00 01:04:00 01:05:00 01:06:00 01:07:00 01:08:00 01:09:00 01:10:00 01 .. 01 יידיי דיי ייוי יידיייי ו י-יי ---דייייידייייידיידיי 01:08:00 01:09:00 01:10:00 01:11:00 01:12:00 01:13:00 01:14:00 01:15:00 01:16:00 01:17:00 .. 01:06:00 01:07:00 01:08:00 01:09:00 01:10:00 01:11:00 01:12:00 01:13:00 01:14:00 01:15:00 Guam, Mariana Islands P (13.59 N, 144.87E) GUMO - Guam, Mariana Islands Latitude: 13.59 N, Longitude: 144.87 E http://www.fdsn.org/station book/IU/GUMO/qumo.htmi 01:06:00 01:07:00 01:08:00 01:09:00 01:10:00 01:11:00 01:12:00 01:13:00 01:14:00 01:15:00
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You didnt answer the DATA TABLE 2, can you answer it please. its just like the previous. 

DATA TABLE 2: Seismograph Station PALK DGAR COCO P-wave Arrival S-wave Arrival Time Difference (S-P) Epicenter Distance
Transcribed Image Text:DATA TABLE 2: Seismograph Station PALK DGAR COCO P-wave Arrival S-wave Arrival Time Difference (S-P) Epicenter Distance
Amplitude mm/s Amplitude microns/sec 8.00- 7.00- 6.00- 5.00- 4.00-> 3.00- 2.00- 1.00-> 0.00- -1.00- -2.00- -3.00- -4.00- -5.00- -6.00- -7.00- -8.00- -9.00- 700- 600- 500- 400-> 300- 200- 100- 0- -100- -200- -300- -400- -500- -600- -700- -800 -900- 4.00- PALK, Pallekele, Sri Lanka: Coordinates: (7.3° N, 80.7° E) http://ida.ucsd.edu/Stations/palk/index.html http://ida.ucsd.edu/public/II/PALK/palk.html 3.00- 2.00- 900-DGAR DO BEZ 800 (7.4 s. 72.5 E) 1.00- 0.00- 01:01:00 ......... ILPALK.00.18HZ.3 -1.00- -2.00- 01:01:00 -3.00- -4.00- 01:03:00 -5.00- -BICOCO 00 BHX2 -6.00- 01:02:00 5.00 (12.2 9. 96.8 L) 01:02:00 1:01:00 ... 01:04:00 http://ida.ucsd.edu/IDANetwork/index.html 01:03:00 01:04:00 01:05:00 ..... 1:01:00 01:03:00 DGAR, Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory: Coordinates: (7.4° S, 72.5° E) http://ida.ucsd.edu/Stations/dgar/index.html http://ida.ucsd.edu/public/l1/DGAR/dgar.html 01:04:00 01:02:00 SEISMOGRAPHS for Part 2 01:03:00 ''I 01:06:00 01:07:00 01:08:00 Tuna mamma 01:07:00 01:03:00 01:04:00 IFF ^\_\\\\\\\\\\\ ~ 01:03:00 01:04.00 01:02:00 01:04:00 01:05:00 01:05:00 01:05:00 01:06:00 01:06:00 01:05:00 ایسا 01:06:00 01:05:00 01:08:00 01:07:00 01:06:00 ...... 01.06.00 01:07:00 COCO, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Australia: Coordinates: (12.2° S, 96.8° E) http://ida.ucsd.edu/Stations/coco/index.html http://ida.ucsd.edu/public/l1/COCO/coco.html 01:09:00 7 I 01:09:00 01:08 01:07:00 01:07:00 ...I 01.08 01:10 01:10 01:08:00 I 01:08:0
Transcribed Image Text:Amplitude mm/s Amplitude microns/sec 8.00- 7.00- 6.00- 5.00- 4.00-> 3.00- 2.00- 1.00-> 0.00- -1.00- -2.00- -3.00- -4.00- -5.00- -6.00- -7.00- -8.00- -9.00- 700- 600- 500- 400-> 300- 200- 100- 0- -100- -200- -300- -400- -500- -600- -700- -800 -900- 4.00- PALK, Pallekele, Sri Lanka: Coordinates: (7.3° N, 80.7° E) http://ida.ucsd.edu/Stations/palk/index.html http://ida.ucsd.edu/public/II/PALK/palk.html 3.00- 2.00- 900-DGAR DO BEZ 800 (7.4 s. 72.5 E) 1.00- 0.00- 01:01:00 ......... ILPALK.00.18HZ.3 -1.00- -2.00- 01:01:00 -3.00- -4.00- 01:03:00 -5.00- -BICOCO 00 BHX2 -6.00- 01:02:00 5.00 (12.2 9. 96.8 L) 01:02:00 1:01:00 ... 01:04:00 http://ida.ucsd.edu/IDANetwork/index.html 01:03:00 01:04:00 01:05:00 ..... 1:01:00 01:03:00 DGAR, Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory: Coordinates: (7.4° S, 72.5° E) http://ida.ucsd.edu/Stations/dgar/index.html http://ida.ucsd.edu/public/l1/DGAR/dgar.html 01:04:00 01:02:00 SEISMOGRAPHS for Part 2 01:03:00 ''I 01:06:00 01:07:00 01:08:00 Tuna mamma 01:07:00 01:03:00 01:04:00 IFF ^\_\\\\\\\\\\\ ~ 01:03:00 01:04.00 01:02:00 01:04:00 01:05:00 01:05:00 01:05:00 01:06:00 01:06:00 01:05:00 ایسا 01:06:00 01:05:00 01:08:00 01:07:00 01:06:00 ...... 01.06.00 01:07:00 COCO, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Australia: Coordinates: (12.2° S, 96.8° E) http://ida.ucsd.edu/Stations/coco/index.html http://ida.ucsd.edu/public/l1/COCO/coco.html 01:09:00 7 I 01:09:00 01:08 01:07:00 01:07:00 ...I 01.08 01:10 01:10 01:08:00 I 01:08:0
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Follow-up Question

Same as the question before just a different map 

DATA TABLE 2: Seismograph Station PALK DGAR COCO P-wave Arrival S-wave Arrival Time Difference (S-P) Epicenter Distance Part 2 Question: 1. Why do you need at least three seismic stations to find the epicenter of the quake?
Transcribed Image Text:DATA TABLE 2: Seismograph Station PALK DGAR COCO P-wave Arrival S-wave Arrival Time Difference (S-P) Epicenter Distance Part 2 Question: 1. Why do you need at least three seismic stations to find the epicenter of the quake?
8.00- 7.00- 6.00- 5.00- 4.00- 3.00- 2.00- 1.00-> 0.00- -1.00- -2.00- -3.00- -4.00- -5.00- -6.00- -7.00- -8.00- -9.00- 700 600- 500- 400- 300- 200- 100- 0- -100- -200- 300- -400- -500- -600- -700- -800- -900- 900-LDGARD0 BHZ 800 (7.4 38. 72.5 E) 01:01:00 4.00- -4.00- LPALK.00.15H2.5 01:01:00 PALK, Pallekele, Sri Lanka: Coordinates: (7.3° N, 80.7° E) http://ida.ucsd.edu/Stations/palk/index.html http://ida.ucsd.edu/public/II/PALK/palk.html -5.00- -6.00- 01:03:00 01:02:00 01:03:00 http://ida.ucsd.edu/IDANetwork/index.html 01:02:00 1:01:00 I ..... 01:04:00 1:01:00 U 01:04:00 SEISMOGRAPHS for Part 2 " 01:03:00 01:04:00 01:05:00 01:03:00 01:05:00 01:02:00 E COCO.00 140X2 r 5.00 (12.2 3. 96.8 E) 3.00- 2.00- 1.00- C 0.00- " -1.00- -2.00- -3.00- 01.02:00 '''' 01:05:00 01:04:00 01:03:00 01:06:00 01:03:00 01:06:00 01:04:00 01:04.00 01:05:00 DGAR, Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory: Coordinates: (7.4° S, 72.5° E) http://ida.ucsd.edu/Stations/dgar/index.html http://ida.ucsd.edu/public/l1/DGAR/dgar.html 01:07:00 01:07:00 01:05:00 01:06:00 full 01:05:00 01:06:00 01:08:00 01:08:00 01:06:00 01:06.00 COCO, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Australia: Coordinates: (12.2° S, 96.8° E) http://ida.ucsd.edu/Stations/coco/index.html http://ida.ucsd.edu/public/l1/COCO/coco.html 01:07:00 I 01:07:00 01:09:00 -02.00 01:09:00 01:07:00 01:08 I . 01:07:00 01:08 01:10 01:10 01:08:00 I vidi 01:08:0
Transcribed Image Text:8.00- 7.00- 6.00- 5.00- 4.00- 3.00- 2.00- 1.00-> 0.00- -1.00- -2.00- -3.00- -4.00- -5.00- -6.00- -7.00- -8.00- -9.00- 700 600- 500- 400- 300- 200- 100- 0- -100- -200- 300- -400- -500- -600- -700- -800- -900- 900-LDGARD0 BHZ 800 (7.4 38. 72.5 E) 01:01:00 4.00- -4.00- LPALK.00.15H2.5 01:01:00 PALK, Pallekele, Sri Lanka: Coordinates: (7.3° N, 80.7° E) http://ida.ucsd.edu/Stations/palk/index.html http://ida.ucsd.edu/public/II/PALK/palk.html -5.00- -6.00- 01:03:00 01:02:00 01:03:00 http://ida.ucsd.edu/IDANetwork/index.html 01:02:00 1:01:00 I ..... 01:04:00 1:01:00 U 01:04:00 SEISMOGRAPHS for Part 2 " 01:03:00 01:04:00 01:05:00 01:03:00 01:05:00 01:02:00 E COCO.00 140X2 r 5.00 (12.2 3. 96.8 E) 3.00- 2.00- 1.00- C 0.00- " -1.00- -2.00- -3.00- 01.02:00 '''' 01:05:00 01:04:00 01:03:00 01:06:00 01:03:00 01:06:00 01:04:00 01:04.00 01:05:00 DGAR, Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory: Coordinates: (7.4° S, 72.5° E) http://ida.ucsd.edu/Stations/dgar/index.html http://ida.ucsd.edu/public/l1/DGAR/dgar.html 01:07:00 01:07:00 01:05:00 01:06:00 full 01:05:00 01:06:00 01:08:00 01:08:00 01:06:00 01:06.00 COCO, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Australia: Coordinates: (12.2° S, 96.8° E) http://ida.ucsd.edu/Stations/coco/index.html http://ida.ucsd.edu/public/l1/COCO/coco.html 01:07:00 I 01:07:00 01:09:00 -02.00 01:09:00 01:07:00 01:08 I . 01:07:00 01:08 01:10 01:10 01:08:00 I vidi 01:08:0
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