D To investigate whether the microRNA-31 (miR-31) plays a role in liver cancer, microarray data was "mined" from the NCBI database to compare miR-31 expression in tumor and adjacent non- tumor samples of 73 liver cancer patients (A). Further investigation revealed potential miR-31 target sites in the 3'-UTR of HDAC2 (C) and a Luciferase reporter assay was carried out (D). Relative luciferase activity A miR-31 expression *** Non-tumor (n=73) Tumor (n=73) CPWA Cells N.C miR-31 *** ns 1.51 1.2- 0.9- 0.6- 0.3- 0.0- 3'-UTR WT 3'UTR Mut HDAC2 C Seed region 5' 702 722 HDAC2 ORF Poly A HDAC2 5' UGUAUUGACCAGA --CUUGCCU hsa-miR-31 3' UCGAUAC-GGUCGUAGAACGGA CPWA cells were co-transfected with a wild type or mutant 3'-UTR construct of HDAC2 AND with miR-31 mimics or negative control. Renilla luciferase activities were normalized to firefly luciferase activities. 3' 5'

D To investigate whether the microRNA-31 (miR-31) plays a role in liver cancer, microarray data was "mined" from the NCBI database to compare miR-31 expression in tumor and adjacent non- tumor samples of 73 liver cancer patients (A). Further investigation revealed potential miR-31 target sites in the 3'-UTR of HDAC2 (C) and a Luciferase reporter assay was carried out (D). Relative luciferase activity A miR-31 expression * Non-tumor (n=73) Tumor (n=73) CPWA Cells N.C miR-31 * ns 1.51 1.2- 0.9- 0.6- 0.3- 0.0- 3'-UTR WT 3'UTR Mut HDAC2 C Seed region 5' 702 722 HDAC2 ORF Poly A HDAC2 5' UGUAUUGACCAGA --CUUGCCU hsa-miR-31 3' UCGAUAC-GGUCGUAGAACGGA CPWA cells were co-transfected with a wild type or mutant 3'-UTR construct of HDAC2 AND with miR-31 mimics or negative control. Renilla luciferase activities were normalized to firefly luciferase activities. 3' 5'

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cellinvolves many challenges. The use of mRNA and reversetranscriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of(A) post-transcriptional processing.(B) post-translational processing.(C) nucleic acid hybridization.(D) restriction fragment ligation
a) The best vector to use determine receptor binding protein expression would have been one with a GFP gene (green flourescent protein) attached. State one (1) reason why including this gene would have made the experiment easier and whether you have inserted the receptor binding domain gene before or after the GFP gene. b) You wish to determine the sucess pf your transformation by detecting the presence of receptor binding domian mRNA. Describe the key steps of the hybrdization technique you would use, clearly stating how you would design the probe to detect your receptor mRNA.
Diagram the fate of the dsRNA once it enters a cell, highlighting the enzymatic reactions that eventually result in down-regulation of gene function. What is the hypothesised molecular basis of the hypersensitivity to RNAi in the eri-1/lin15b mutants?
lin-28 is a gene that is critical for stem cell integrity in mammals and is involved in tumourigenesis, but it was originally identified as a gene involved in developmental timing in C. elegans. It is targeted by the microRNAs lin-4 and let-7 and this affects its translation. Q2a) If the lin-4 sequence is 5’-UCCCUGAGACCUCAAG-3’, which of the following sequences might best correspond to the single target RNA sequence in the 3’UTR of lin-28. A) 3’ UTR- 5’-UCCCUGAGACCUCAAG-3’ B) 3’ UTR- 5’-CUUGAAAUCUCAGUUA-3’ C) 3’ UTR- 5’-CUUGAGGUCUCAGGGA-3’ Q2b) Then describe in 2 sentences/lines why you chose this target sequence.
The transcripts from dispersed core promoter type genes will a) start from a defined single site b) start from many possible sites around 100 pb region upstream of the gene c) are dependent on the silencer action
A graduate student studying yfgA expression in the liver and heart performs an RNA-seq experiment. She aligns her sequencing reads to the human genome as shown. a.) What splice variants are expressed in the liver? Draw the mRNA and label the exons.b.) Are they expressed at the same levels in the liver? Explain c.) What splice variants are expressed in the heart. Clearly explain all the data from the figure. d.) In which tissue is the gene more highly expressed? Explain
Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion a) List three eukaryotic gene expression mechanisms that do not occur in prokaryotes. For two of these, give specific examples and the functional outcomes. b) Describe what is meant by the term “RNA silencing”. c) Using diagrams, give two examples of RNA silencing mechanisms and indicate one difference.
Consider the gal10D56 reporter gene. In 300 words or fewer, describe 1) the role of GAL7 in galactose metabolism and its importance for cell function 2) the mutation present in the gal10D56 reporter gene 3) the consequence of this mutation for GAL7 expression in wild type cells, 4) the mechanism by which certain mutations can suppress the effects of gal10D56, and 5) the specific purpose for using this reporter gene.
Mechanistic analysis of silencing mechanisms showed that exogenous double-stranded RNA was processed into short fragments (short interfering RNAs or siRNAs) with a similar size to miRNAs. How do mRNAs represent a similar endogenous system to transgene silencing?
MicroRNA hsa-miR-155-5p targets mRNA that encode the genes JARID2 and KDM5B. In the cells of some cancers, hsa-miR-155-5p is downregulated – becomes less abundant. What would you expect to happen to the levels of the proteins JARID2 and KDM5B in the cancerous cells?
Explain how HOTAIR plays a role in the transcriptional regulationof particular genes.
Describe the primary procedure(key steps no details) that you will follow to clone the C-peptide gene from the RNA above into the only vector you have, a pUC expression vector cut open usingEcoR1which has a 5¢-recognition site and a 3¢- Hind III in the MCS?