D To investigate whether the microRNA-31 (miR-31) plays a role in liver cancer, microarray data was "mined" from the NCBI database to compare miR-31 expression in tumor and adjacent non- tumor samples of 73 liver cancer patients (A). Further investigation revealed potential miR-31 target sites in the 3'-UTR of HDAC2 (C) and a Luciferase reporter assay was carried out (D). Relative luciferase activity A miR-31 expression *** Non-tumor (n=73) Tumor (n=73) CPWA Cells N.C miR-31 *** ns 1.51 1.2- 0.9- 0.6- 0.3- 0.0- 3'-UTR WT 3'UTR Mut HDAC2 C Seed region 5' 702 722 HDAC2 ORF Poly A HDAC2 5' UGUAUUGACCAGA --CUUGCCU hsa-miR-31 3' UCGAUAC-GGUCGUAGAACGGA CPWA cells were co-transfected with a wild type or mutant 3'-UTR construct of HDAC2 AND with miR-31 mimics or negative control. Renilla luciferase activities were normalized to firefly luciferase activities. 3' 5'

D To investigate whether the microRNA-31 (miR-31) plays a role in liver cancer, microarray data was "mined" from the NCBI database to compare miR-31 expression in tumor and adjacent non- tumor samples of 73 liver cancer patients (A). Further investigation revealed potential miR-31 target sites in the 3'-UTR of HDAC2 (C) and a Luciferase reporter assay was carried out (D). Relative luciferase activity A miR-31 expression * Non-tumor (n=73) Tumor (n=73) CPWA Cells N.C miR-31 * ns 1.51 1.2- 0.9- 0.6- 0.3- 0.0- 3'-UTR WT 3'UTR Mut HDAC2 C Seed region 5' 702 722 HDAC2 ORF Poly A HDAC2 5' UGUAUUGACCAGA --CUUGCCU hsa-miR-31 3' UCGAUAC-GGUCGUAGAACGGA CPWA cells were co-transfected with a wild type or mutant 3'-UTR construct of HDAC2 AND with miR-31 mimics or negative control. Renilla luciferase activities were normalized to firefly luciferase activities. 3' 5'

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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