Cystoceles:   Question 9 options:   a)  may increase one's risk for bladder infection   b)  are a type of vaginal wall prolapse   c)  can lead to urinary urgency or retention   d)  can arise due to excessive straining   e)  all of the above are true

33. A 50-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of scaling on her scalp, elbows, and knees. Examination of these areas shows silver-colored, well-demarcated plaques. A photomicrograph of a biopsy specimen of one of the plaques is shown. Which of the following best describes the epithelial changes seen in this biopsy specimen? psoriasis OA) Atrophy B) Dysplasia C) Hyperplasia D) Hypertrophy E) Metaplasia OF) Neoplasia

Bladder cancer:   A) Is usually diagnosed early B) Is usually painful C) Has an 85% mortality rate D) Can present as a chronic urinary tract infection that does not respond to antibiotics E) Is both usually painful and diagnosed early

A 40 year old woman goes to see a physician to get a painful lump in her breast checked out. She tells the doctor that the lump persists for the full menstrual cycle, and a mammogram identified this lump only within the breast.  1) What is the best approach to identify if this lump is breast cancer or if it is benign?  2) They caught it early and the lump has been identified it as stage 1 breast cancer, classified as triple negative. What are two treatment approaches specific for this stage and classification of breast cancer?  3) The woman has 2 teenage daughters. a) What could you assess to determine if the daughters are at a genetic risk for breast cancer?  b) What are 4 strategies that the daughters could modify in their daily life that would help in prevention and reducing their risk of developing breast cancer?