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A tunnel of length L = 110 m, height H = 5.4 m, and
width 8.6 m (with a flat roof) is to be constructed at
distance d = 79 m beneath the ground. (See the
figure.) The tunnel roof is to be supported entirely by
%3D
square steel columns, each with a cross-sectional
area of 1190 cm². The mass of 1.0 cm³ of the ground
material is 3.7 g. (a) What is the total weight of the
ground material the columns must support? (b) How
many columns are needed to keep the compressive
stress on each column at one-half its ultimate
strength?
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