Cross a homozygous straight, homozygous black mouse with a heterozygous straight, brown mouse.

Smaug (The Chiefest and Greatest of Calamities, The Unassessably Wealthy, The Stupendous, etc.), is the dragon who lords over the Lonely Mountain in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit. He is described with the following phenotypes: Reddish-golden scales Batlike wings Fire breathing Let's assume the following inheritance models are true for the dragon phenotypes observed: Phenotype Scale Color Wing Shape Fire Breathing Alleles R¹ (Red scales), R² (Gold scales) X¹ (Bat-like, Dominant), Xi (Insect-like, Recessive) F (Fire breathing), f (unable to create fire) Inheritance Model Incomplete dominance X-linked allele Mendelian

5. In German Shepherd dogs, hair length and hip dyslpasia are determined by two different genes located on different chromosomes. In answering the following questions, use the letters D and d for fur length and H and h for hip dysplasia. Max, a long-haired dog with no hip dysplasia, was bred with Rin, a short-haired dog that was later found to have hip dysplasia. All of their children had long hair and hip dysplasia. a. Give the genotypes of the following: Мах Rin Their children (the F,) Buddy is a German Shepherd dog with short hair and was heterozygous for having hip dysplasia. b. What is Buddy's genotype? c. Give the genotypes of all of the gametes Buddy could produce.

16. A woman who is type O marries a man who is heterozygous for type A. What are the chances that they will have a type O baby? Tracking two traits. Now it's time to track two traits at the same time.

5. In German cockroaches, bulging eyes (bu) are recessive to normal eyes (bu*), and curved wings (cv) are recessive to straight wings (cv*). These two traits are encoded by autosomal genes that are linked. A cockroach has genotype butbu cv*cv, and the genes are in repulsion. Which of the following sets of genes will be found in the most common gametes produced by this cockroach? a. buʻcy+ b. bu cv с. butbu d. cv*cv е. bu cvt

6. There are two enzymes LDH1 and LDH2. The gene that encodes this enzyme is X-linked. You extract the enzyme from different cells in several people and carry out electrophoresis. Give the genotypes for each person Draw the banding pattern that you would expect in the gel. Male with Male with Female Female Heterozygous LDH1 gene homozygous female LDH2 homozygous for LDH2 for LDH1

1. In mice, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). Breeding a brown mouse and a homozygous black mouse produces all black offspring. a. What is the genotype of the gametes produced by the brown-furred parent? b. What genotype is the brown-furred parent? . c. What genotype is the black-furred parent? . d. What genotype is the black-furred offspring?. e. If two F, mice are bred with one another, what phenotype will the F, offspring be, and in what proportion? phenotype. proportion.

4. In Drosophila melanogaster, a yellow-bodied (dark coloured) male with vestigial (underformed) wings is crossed to a wildtype female (brown body, red eyes). The F1 generation are all wildtypes. An F1 male and female are crossed and the F2 progeny consists of 16 vestigial-winged males with yellow bodies, 48 yellow males with normal wings, 15 males with vestigial wings and yellow bodies, 49 wildtype males, 31 vestigial winged females with brown bodies and 97 wildtype females. Explain the inheritance pattern of the 2 genes.

2. Timber Rattler snakes do not lay eggs, but rather give birth to live young. Males have two ZZ chromosomes and females are ZW. Buttercup is a Timber Rattler that has been kept in a cage in an accredited zoo for 15 years. She has never had any encounters with other snakes and the zoo staff had never planned to breed her. But one day the staff look into her cage and find a baby male rattler! The baby is related to Buttercup but is not her clone. Draw out two ways meiosis of Buttercups’ sex chromosomes could be altered to produce the baby without any contribution from a male.

5. Cystic fibrosis in humans is caused by a recessive allele. Two unaffected parents have a child with cystic fibrosis. a. What is the probability that this couple's next child will be unaffected?