Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Genetic Evolution
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**Title:** Criteria for Determining Homologous Chromosomes **Description:** Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and carry genetic information for the same traits, though they may have different alleles. Identifying homologous chromosomes involves several key criteria: 1. **Length and Size:** Homologous chromosomes typically have similar lengths and sizes. This similarity helps in aligning them accurately during meiosis. 2. **Centromere Position:** The centromeres, which are the central part of a chromosome, are located in similar positions in homologous chromosomes. This can be categorized further into metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, and telocentric based on the centromere's position. 3. **Gene Sequence and Loci:** Homologous chromosomes carry genes at the same loci or positions on each chromosome. However, the alleles, which are variations of these genes, might differ. 4. **Banding Pattern:** When stained and observed under a microscope, homologous chromosomes exhibit a similar banding pattern, which helps in their identification during karyotyping. Understanding these criteria is crucial for studying genetic inheritance, variations, and the process of meiosis in biology.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Title:** Criteria for Determining Homologous Chromosomes **Description:** Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and carry genetic information for the same traits, though they may have different alleles. Identifying homologous chromosomes involves several key criteria: 1. **Length and Size:** Homologous chromosomes typically have similar lengths and sizes. This similarity helps in aligning them accurately during meiosis. 2. **Centromere Position:** The centromeres, which are the central part of a chromosome, are located in similar positions in homologous chromosomes. This can be categorized further into metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, and telocentric based on the centromere's position. 3. **Gene Sequence and Loci:** Homologous chromosomes carry genes at the same loci or positions on each chromosome. However, the alleles, which are variations of these genes, might differ. 4. **Banding Pattern:** When stained and observed under a microscope, homologous chromosomes exhibit a similar banding pattern, which helps in their identification during karyotyping. Understanding these criteria is crucial for studying genetic inheritance, variations, and the process of meiosis in biology.
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