Costs of quality, quality improvement. iCover produces bags for carrying laptop computers. iCover sells 1,000,000 units each year at a price of $20 per unit and a contribution margin of 40%. To respond to customer complaints, iCover's mangers want to modify the production processes to pro- duce higher-quality products. The current costs of quality are as follows: Prevention costs $400,000 Appraisal costs $150,000 Internal failure costs Rework $325,000 Scrap $ 75,000 External failure costs Product repair costs $400,000 Lost sales from customer returns $650,000 The management accountant has forecast the following additional costs to modify the production process. Design changes Process engineering $125,000 $210,000

A manager’s job is a very tough one. A manager needs to look at the various areas of work and as a manager he has to look after two or more important jobs or activities at the same time for the growth of the business. In order to do all these things in a…