Continental drift has isolated breeding populations, affecting patterns of evolution in organisms, by:   Group of answer choices   helping create gene flow   producing higher planetary temperatures   creating water and mountain barriers   increasing random mating

Icefishes live in the Southern Ocean, which encircles Antarctica. Icefishes have evolved to produce antifreeze proteins which prevent ice crystals from forming in their blood, when ocean temperatures drop below the freezing point of fresh water.  The antifreeze proteins, which are produced in different amounts (high, medium and low) in different fishes, help them live in the cold waters.   What are the different variations of the antifreeze protein present in the population of icefish?           2. Out of the variations which one is the favorable trait in the environment of the icefish?       3. Which icefishes will natural selection select for?       4. How will the icefish population in very cold waters, change over time?           5. Describe the adaptation in icefish (in terms of allele frequency and reproductive fitness)

Males of one mouse species are too small to mate with females of another species. This is an example of what kind of reproductive barrier?   Group of answer choices Hybrid Inviability Mechanical Isolation Behavioral Isolation Temporal Isolation Habitat Isolation

Which of the following is an effect of gene flow?   Population size is greatly reduced Individuals establish a new population Natural disasters Genetic differences between populations are reduced

As we saw last week, population size is important. Ideally, this means you started with a lot of genetically diverse founders, but of course that isn’t always the case. In the case of the Española Galapagos tortoises it was 12 females and 2 males. So, often you have to grow your population to stabilize it and ensure there isn’t an unacceptable loss of genetic diversity over time, even if that genetic diversity is low. If you think back to the math from last week and do a little not so fancy algebra, you can see that genetic deterioration occurs at a rate that is the inverse of genetic retention, which you probably remember is  1- (1/2Ne) Assume that the Española Galapagos tortoise captive population started with an Ne/N ratio of 0.7. Calculate their rate of loss of genetic diversity given their original population size of 14 tortoises (N=14). You will first need to solve for Ne, then plug Ne into the rate of loss of genetic diversity formula. Now let’s work on growing the population.…

Gene flow describes how genetic differences in individuals change after several generations the net movement of alleles from one population to another by individual migration the genetic diversity in a population from one generation to the next the frequency of alleles changes based on the selective pressure of the environment the plasticity of the gene pool

Purpose: to simulate genetic drift and gene flow as a mechanisms for the evolution of a population Materials: skittles or m&ms (you may also use other colorful small items with at least 5 colors and a lot of pieces) and a paper towel or towel Directions: ● ● ● grab a bag of skittles or m&ms - this is your ORIGINAL POPULATION of the candy organism carefully and without looking remove a small handful and place them on the towel - this is your genetic drift population ● record all info for the genetic drift population - how many of each color found in the original population do you have (if you have 0 oranges and purples write out 0 for those colors) and what the percentage is for that population (if you have 3 reds out of 6, red is 50% of the population) after you have recorded all the genetic drift population you will add that population BACK to the original bag and record all info (color and % of the population) for the original population You may want to use a chart like this: color…

Define the following: metapopulation, genetic drift, demographic bottleneck.

The following table provides phenotypic data for a population of mammoths living in cold environments based on fossil and DNA evidence. Based on this data and your knowledge of natural selection, which explanation best explains the trends seen in the data? Individuals with thicker fur had a survival advantage in the cold environment, allowing these individuals to reproduce more often and create more offspring.   Individuals within this population of mammoths tend to only mate with individuals that have thick fur.   This population of mammoths appear to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium since no allele frequencies are changing over time.   Individuals with thick fur migrated into the population of mammoths, increasing the proportion of these individuals.

59)The figure below shows the shell length in two random, and representative samples of mussels from the same species. The samples were obtained from the same population but two years apart. Knowing that this species of mussel can live for over a decade, which statement is consistent with the data? The population experiences random genetic drift   The population experienced purifying selection   The population evolved to be shorter   The population is undergoing inbreeding depression   The population experienced directional selection