Structural Analysis
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337630931
Author: KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Publisher: Cengage,
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![**Consolidation of Clay:**
**Objective:**
Given Exercise Figure 7.4 and accompanying information, determine the ultimate settlement in the clay under the applied load.
**Notes:**
- 1 ft = 0.3048 m
- 62.4 lb/ft³ = 1 Mg/m³
**Formula:**
Assuming the sand will not settle, the ultimate settlement in the clay can be calculated using the formula:
\[
\Delta H = \frac{H}{1 + e_0} C_c \log \left(1 + \frac{\Delta \sigma'}{\sigma'}\right)
\]
**Steps:**
a. **Effective Stress Determination:**
- Determine the effective stress for the cross section prior to loading. Use an appropriate diagram to show stresses at depth.
b. **Calculate \(\Delta \sigma'\):**
- Find the change in effective stress (\(\Delta \sigma'\)) on the clay layer caused by the imposed load. Calculate for the center of the clay layer at 5.8 m [19 ft] deep.
c. **Original Porosity (\(e_0\)):**
- Determine \(e_0\) based on the original porosity of the clay.
d. **Settlement Calculation:**
- Calculate how much settlement will occur in the clay.
**Exercise Figure 7.4: Explanation:**
The figure provides a cross-sectional view with the following layers:
- **0 to 5 ft:** Sand, dry unit weight \(\gamma_d = 105 \, \text{lb/ft}^3\)
- **5 to 16 ft:** Silty sand, saturated unit weight \(\gamma_{\text{sat}} = 127 \, \text{lb/ft}^3\), Groundwater Table (GWT) indicated at 5 ft
- **16 to 22 ft:** Clay, saturated unit weight \(\gamma_{\text{sat}} = 121 \, \text{lb/ft}^3\), with noted porosity (\(n = 0.629\)) and a compression index (\(C_c = 0.82\))
- **Load:** A point load of 125 tons is applied at the surface.
This setup is used to analyze the stress changes and resulting settlement in the clay layer.](https://content.bartleby.com/qna-images/question/8ea503b5-9839-4a05-b482-50f8a035eb54/21edf521-dffa-4368-807c-2b6ded900826/j9v9bhp_processed.png)
Transcribed Image Text:**Consolidation of Clay:**
**Objective:**
Given Exercise Figure 7.4 and accompanying information, determine the ultimate settlement in the clay under the applied load.
**Notes:**
- 1 ft = 0.3048 m
- 62.4 lb/ft³ = 1 Mg/m³
**Formula:**
Assuming the sand will not settle, the ultimate settlement in the clay can be calculated using the formula:
\[
\Delta H = \frac{H}{1 + e_0} C_c \log \left(1 + \frac{\Delta \sigma'}{\sigma'}\right)
\]
**Steps:**
a. **Effective Stress Determination:**
- Determine the effective stress for the cross section prior to loading. Use an appropriate diagram to show stresses at depth.
b. **Calculate \(\Delta \sigma'\):**
- Find the change in effective stress (\(\Delta \sigma'\)) on the clay layer caused by the imposed load. Calculate for the center of the clay layer at 5.8 m [19 ft] deep.
c. **Original Porosity (\(e_0\)):**
- Determine \(e_0\) based on the original porosity of the clay.
d. **Settlement Calculation:**
- Calculate how much settlement will occur in the clay.
**Exercise Figure 7.4: Explanation:**
The figure provides a cross-sectional view with the following layers:
- **0 to 5 ft:** Sand, dry unit weight \(\gamma_d = 105 \, \text{lb/ft}^3\)
- **5 to 16 ft:** Silty sand, saturated unit weight \(\gamma_{\text{sat}} = 127 \, \text{lb/ft}^3\), Groundwater Table (GWT) indicated at 5 ft
- **16 to 22 ft:** Clay, saturated unit weight \(\gamma_{\text{sat}} = 121 \, \text{lb/ft}^3\), with noted porosity (\(n = 0.629\)) and a compression index (\(C_c = 0.82\))
- **Load:** A point load of 125 tons is applied at the surface.
This setup is used to analyze the stress changes and resulting settlement in the clay layer.
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- Data from an oedometer test using a clay specimen are plotted in the graph shown below. If the compression index is equal to 0.6, calculate the void ratio (e2) missing at Point C, which is associated with a vertical effective stress equal to 105 kPaarrow_forwardConsolidation test is conducted to QI determine the consolidation properties of the soil. Table 1. Test Result The dial gauge reading after each load increment (24 hours) is given in the table. Initial sample thickness, Ho = 20 mm, Initial void ratio, e, = 0.9. Determine the following: Construct the compressibility curve and predict the past maximum stress/pressure (preconsolidation stress/pressure) (kPa) Dial gauge reading after 24 Vertical stress (kPa) hours (mm) 22.50 %3D 40 22.41 80 22.15 160 21.51 320 20.25 640 18.45arrow_forwardplease answer my homework problems. I will leave good review. thank you!arrow_forward
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