Consider the scenario in which one computer sends a packet to another computer by using the transport layer of the Internet. No process using the destination port address is currently active on the machine that is the target. What exactly is going to take place here?

Consider the following scenario in which host A is sending a file to host B over a TCP connection. Assuming that the sequence number of the first data byte sent by A is 0 and every segment always includes 1000 bytes of data, excluding the TCP header. At some point of time, bytes up to 6400 have been written into the sender’s buffer. Bytes up to 4999 have been sent out but the segment which contains bytes 2000~2999 has not arrived at host B yet. At the receiver’s side, all bytes up to 3999 have been received except for bytes 2000~2999. Bytes up to 499 have been read from the buffer by the application. Assume that the maximum size of the sender’s buffer is large enough. Consider the sliding window algorithm in TCP and answer the following questions. 1) What are the values for LastByteAcked, LastByteSent, and  LastByteWritten? 2) What are the values for LastByteRead, NextByteExpected, and  LastByteRcvd? 3) Assuming that the maximum size of the receiver’s buffer is 4000 byte, what would…

Consider a simple protocol for transferring files over a link. After some initial negotiation, A sends data packets of size 1 KB to B; B then replies with an acknowledgment. A always waits for each ACK before sending the next data packet; this is known as stop-and-wait. Packets that are overdue are presumed lost and are retransmitted. (a) In the absence of any packet losses or duplications, explain why it is not necessary to include any "sequence number" data in the packet headers. (b) Suppose that the link can lose occasional packets, but that packets that do arrive always arrive in the order sent. Is a 2-bit sequence number (that is, N mod 4) enough for A and B to detect and resend any lost packets? Is a 1-bit sequence number enough? (c) Now suppose that the link can deliver out of order and that sometimes a packet can be delivered as much as 1 minute after subsequent packets. How does this change the sequence number requirements?

A connection that connects two hosts may transport many packets at the same time. Please provide a schedule that outlines all of the actions that need to be completed in order to successfully execute one shipment. Is it to be anticipated that one of the delays will take a certain amount of time, while the duration of the other delay may be adjusted in accordance with the circumstances?