- Consider the reaction below to answer the following questions: S Write the complete stepwise mechanism for this reaction. Show intermediate structures and electron flow with arrows. OEt -ОН но- This reaction is an example of: a. an intermolecular aldol reaction b. an intramolecular aldol reaction C. a mixed aldol reaction d. Michael reaction e. Stork reaction + H₂O + EtO- The purpose of the base catalyst in this reaction is: a. to polarize the carbonyl group to make it more electrophilic b. to convert the ester to an intermediate carboxylic acid C. to convert the alcohol group to an alkoxide anion, which is a better nucleophile d. to convert the alcohol group to an alkoxide anion, which is a better electrophile all of the above e.

A 1o, symmetrical epoxide undergoes a ring-opening addition reaction when treated with ammonia (NH3). Mechanistically, what is the first step? Assume base/neutral conditions. Question 9Answer A. The C-C bond of the epoxide ring breaks. B. NH3 nucleophilically attacks the epoxide carbon, breaking the C-O bond. C. NH3 attaches to the epoxide oxygen. D. The epoxide oxygen is protonated by NH3 .

Why is the reaction of the type shown below usually done? a.To make an aldehyde or ketone less water soluble b.To make the molecule more reactive c.To protect a ketone or aldehyde carbonyl d.To increase the oxygen content e.To make the alpha hydrogens more acidic

Please show reaekson and don't use hend raiting

9. Explain the reaction shown below. Include the following pieces in your explanation. Identify the electrophile and the nucleophile. a. b. C. Draw a curved arrow mechanism for this reaction. (Assume an acidic work-up). Explain the electron flow. d. Indicate any regiochemical or stereochemical preferences. 1) NO 0 2) HCI, H₂O NH2 CI

13 saved out of on 14 r saved out of Given the following substitution reaction, what would the effect be of changing the solvent from DMF to CH₂OH? (see NOTE) *NOTE: DMF - NaOCH3 H-C-N(CH3)2 OCH 3 Select one: OA. There would be no effect on the reaction rate. OB. The rate of the reaction would increase. OC. The rate of the reaction would decrease. Clear my choice + Na Br In substitution reactions, (CH3)3C-I reacts at the same rate with Brand CI even though Br is a more reactive nucleophile than Cl. Why? max

4. In the following compound: (a). Circle the good leaving group. (b). Explain why it is a good leaving group. HO,

A. Write appropriate reagents over the reaction arrow B. As a result of this reaction, is the N made more nucleophilic or less nucleophilic?

15.Which of the following correctly explains why alkyl groups are ortho/para-directing groups? a. Meta substitution results in an arenium ion in which a positive charge is destabilized by an adjacent electron-withdrawing group. b. Ortho/para substitution results in an arenium ion intermediale in which all atoms have complete octets. c. A lone pair of electrons on the alkyl group participates in re sonance and stabilizes the arenium ion intermediate in ortho/para substitution. d. The most stable resonance structure for the arenium ion intermediate in ortho/para substitution contains a 2° carbocation. e. The alkyl group is electron donating via induction and stabilizes the adjacent positive charge in the ortho/para substitution intermediate. 5.