Consider the following utility function: u(x1,x2) = x1 + x2. (A): i) Restate the consumer problem. ii) Form the Lagrangian function. iii) Find the first-order-conditions (FOC). iv) Divide Lx, by Lx2- v) From iv), can you determine the type of goods 1 and 2 are?
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- I. You only consume two goods and your preferences are represented by utility function U(x₁, x₂) = (x0.5 + x2.5)² for x₁ > 2 and x₂ > 0. 1. Find your marginal utility for each good. Simplify your answers. Based on your answers, are your preferences strictly monotonic? Why or why not? 2. Do your preferences obey the law of diminishing marginal utility for each good? Why or why not? If not, what is the behavior of your marginal utility for each good? Use calculus and words to answer this question.Peter's preferences over two goods, x and y, are represented by the utility function u(x, y) = y + 2x. a) Peter is currently consuming bundle A = (2,4) with 2 units of good x and 4 units of good y. Calculate his current level of utility from consuming this bundle. b) Write the expression the indifference curve representing Peter's current level of utility (i.e., the one you found in part (a). Next draw this indifference curve. c) By looking at the indifference curve you drew in part (b), answer the following questions: Does Peter like good x? Good y? Explain. What can you say about the marginal rate of substitution of good x for y, MRSxy? Is it positive? Negative? Constant? Increasing? Decreasing? Interpret/explain your answer in terms of the tradeoffs Peter is willing to make between goods to keep the same utility level. d) On the same graph you drew in part (b), draw the indifference curve for a utility level of 10. Plot and label in the graph bundles B = (1,2), C = (1,6), and D =…21. A consumer has a utility function defined over two goods X and Y. Let the quantity of Good X be x ≥ 0 and the quantity of Good Y be y ≥ 0. The utility function is given below: u(x, y) = xy + 2y. Assume that the consumer has income m and that prices are på and py. (a) Explain whether the preferences underlying this utility function satisfy completeness and transitivity. (b) Explain whether the preferences underlying this utility function satisfy monotonicity and convexity. (c) Find the consumer's Marshallian demands for Good X and Good Y at prices px > 0 and Py > 0. (d) Show that goods X and Y are normal goods and explain whether either good is a substitute for the other. (e) Assume that px 10, Py = 5 and m = 100. Suppose that px increases to px = 15, how much of the change in demand for Good X is via the substitution effect and how much is via the income effect? Note: You may assume an interior solution (i.e. x > 0 and y> 0). =
- If the utility function of an individual takes the form: U = U ( x 1, x2) = (x1 + 2) 2 (x2 + 3) 3 Where U is total utility, and x1 and x2 are the quantities of two commoditiies consumed: (a) Find the marginal-utility function of each of the two commodities (b) Find the value of the marginal utility of the first commodity when 3 units of each commodity are consumed.1) Consider an indifference map which consists of vertical lines. What can you say about the consumer's preferences for these two goods? 2) How will the indifference map of this consumer change if the two goods are interchanged on the two axes? (That is, good earlier on the x-axis is moved to y-axis and good earlier on the y-axis is moved to x-axis.)Question 3 Lucy consumes only scoops of ice-cream (x) and cones (y). Moreover, she insists on consuming these two goods in the combination of 1 scoop of ice-cream and 1 cone. If there are more scoops of ice-cream than cones, she throws the extra ice-cream away. If there are more cones than scoops of ice-cream, she throws the extra cones away. Her utility function for ice-cream and cones is given by U(x, y) = min {x,y}. (The function min {x,y} returns the smaller number between x and y. In other words, if x y, min {x,y} = y; and if x = y, min {x,y} = x = y.) (a) Draw a couple of indifference curves for Lucy. Put ice-cream on the horizontal axis. (Hint: Draw the 45° line. Choose a point on the line. If you increase the amount of x but not y from that point, how would Lucy's utility change? If you increase the amount of y but not x from that point, how would Lucy's utility change?) (b) Suppose each scoop of ice-cream costs $2, and each cone costs $1. Lucy has an income of $6. Draw her…
- U(x, y) = xayb A consumer maximises utility subject to a budget constraint M = Pxx+Pyy Where px is the price of good x, py is the price of good y and M is the budget available. a. Derive an expression for the marginal utility of x. Under what condition is the marginal utility diminishing. b. Derive an expression for the marginal utility of y. Under what condition is the marginal utility diminishing.Q: A consumer’s preferences for food (F) and clothing (C) are given by U(F,C) = F0.2C0.8. The price of food is $4, and the price of clothing is $8. The consumer has an income of $3600. a) What is the utility maximizing choice of food and clothing? b) How would the utility maximizing choice change if price of clothing increased to $14? c) Given the answers to the previous parts plot a linear approximation to the demand function for clothing.Donald likes fishing (X1) and hanging out in his hammock (X2). His utility function for these two activities is u(x1, x2) = 3X12X24. (A) Calculate MU1, the marginal utility of fishing. (B) Calculate MU2, the marginal utility of hanging out in his hammock. (C) Calculate MRS, the rate at which he is willing to substitute hanging out in his hammock for fishing. (D)Last week, Donald fished 2 hours a day, and hung out in his hammock 4 hours a day. Using your formula for MRS from (c) find his MRS last week. (E) This week, Donald is fishing eight hours a day, and hanging out in his ham mock two hours a day. Calculate his MRS this week. Has his MRS increased or decreased? Explain why? (F) Is Donald happier or sadder this week compared to last week? Explain.
- Suppose that U(f,c) = f + 8c^(1/2)is a utility function that describes Amelia’s preferences over two goods: fish(f)and custard (c). For the following, think of fish as the good graphed on the horizontal axis.a. Derive an expression for her marginal utility (Uf)from a small increase in f holding c fixed. Also find themarginal utility for custard (Uc).b. What is Amelia’s marginal rate of substitution (MRS)? Give a brief (2 sentences maximum) intuitivedescription of what MRS represents. If Amelia has 4 units of custard, holding her utility constant, howmany units of custard would she be willing to give up in order to get one more unit of fish?c. Graph Amelia’s indifference curve for a utility level of 40. Be sure to specify at least 3 bundles of goodson the indifference curve.d. Does the fact that Amelia’s indifference curve intersects with the custard axis violate any of the 5properties of indifference curves? Briefly support your answer.e. Give another utility function that represents…Suppose an individual has a utility function u (x1, x2) = 2*2. Present your mathmatical expressions below in the simplest form you can. a) Derive an expression for the marginal utility of good 1, and for the marginal utility of good 2. b) Using these, solve for an expression describing the slope of an indifference curve: MRS (11, 12). c) Sketch indifference curves for this consumer corresponding to u = 0,10,20. (Hint: z rı = k solves for m} = 11 (21) . Solve this expression and approximate it on a graph for the three values of k.)Q1: (I)Asma eats only apples and almonds. Her level of income is $36, Price of apple (Pa) is $2 per kg and price of almond (Pl) is $6 per kg. The preferences of Asma are represented by the following utility function Utility U= 10*Qa + 40*Ql where Qa and Ql are Asam’s consumption of Apples and almonds. (a) which kind of preferences Asma has? (b) Find Utility per dollar spent on apple and almond (c) Find Marginal rate of substitution and interpret it (d) Find utility maximizing values of apples and almond and show graphically