Consider the following information. In order to satisfy a sharp increase in demand due to the end of the pandemic, LLC is evaluating investing in one of two major projects; these projects will be called Project A and Project B. In order to mitigate risk, LLC has asked Rachel Consulting Limited to conduct some market research. Rachel Consulting is being paid $2.5m as a fixed fee for her expert consulting services. Project A has an initial outlay of $45 million and Project B has an initial outlay of $60 million. Project A will generate additional revenues of $25 million starting at the end of year 1 until the end of year 10. It will also incur additional working capital expenses of $75 million immediately, this working capital will be recovered at the end of the project. Project B will generate additional revenues of $35 million starting at the end of year 1 until the end of year 10. It will also incur additional working capital expenses of $90 million immediately, this working capital will be recovered at the end of the project. The operating costs of both projects will be 20% of the revenues from years 1 to 10. Both projects will be depreciated on a straight line basis over ten years to zero book value. LLC has estimated that some assets involved in the upgrades can be sold at the end of year 10 respectively for $25 million (Project A) and $35 million (Project B). The tax rate is 30 % . All cash flows are annual and are received at the end of the year. The cost of capital for both projects is 11%. 1. Calculate the FCFs for each project. 2. What is the NPV for each project? 3. What is the discounted payback period for each project? 4. What is the IRR for each project? 5. Assume that the risk of investing in these projects is higher than the overall risk of LLC. What would happen to the discount rate and consequently NPV of the two projects if this was the case? Explain your answer. 6. Suppose that LLC has a payback rule of 3 years. Based on all of your analysis, which project should be chosen? Justify your answer.
Net Present Value
Net present value is the most important concept of finance. It is used to evaluate the investment and financing decisions that involve cash flows occurring over multiple periods. The difference between the present value of cash inflow and cash outflow is termed as net present value (NPV). It is used for capital budgeting and investment planning. It is also used to compare similar investment alternatives.
Investment Decision
The term investment refers to allocating money with the intention of getting positive returns in the future period. For example, an asset would be acquired with the motive of generating income by selling the asset when there is a price increase.
Factors That Complicate Capital Investment Analysis
Capital investment analysis is a way of the budgeting process that companies and the government use to evaluate the profitability of the investment that has been done for the long term. This can include the evaluation of fixed assets such as machinery, equipment, etc.
Capital Budgeting
Capital budgeting is a decision-making process whereby long-term investments is evaluated and selected based on whether such investment is worth pursuing in future or not. It plays an important role in financial decision-making as it impacts the profitability of the business in the long term. The benefits of capital budgeting may be in the form of increased revenue or reduction in cost. The capital budgeting decisions include replacing or rebuilding of the fixed assets, addition of an asset. These long-term investment decisions involve a large number of funds and are irreversible because the market for the second-hand asset may be difficult to find and will have an effect over long-time spam. A right decision can yield favorable returns on the other hand a wrong decision may have an effect on the sustainability of the firm. Capital budgeting helps businesses to understand risks that are involved in undertaking capital investment. It also enables them to choose the option which generates the best return by applying the various capital budgeting techniques.
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