Consider the following 10 measurements about the cohesion of a soil: 12 kPa, 14 kPa, 15 kPa, 14.5 kPa, 16.0 kPa, 18 kPa, 15 kPa, 16.2 kPa, 17. 6 kPa, 13 kPa. Work out the solutions of the following two problems, assuming the cohesion follows the normal and lognormal distributions, respectively. (1) Draw the PDF of the
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Consider the following 10 measurements about the cohesion of a soil: 12 kPa, 14 kPa, 15 kPa, 14.5 kPa, 16.0 kPa, 18 kPa, 15 kPa, 16.2 kPa, 17. 6 kPa, 13 kPa. Work out the solutions of the following two problems, assuming the cohesion follows the normal and lognormal distributions, respectively.
(1) Draw the
(2) Evaluate the probability that the cohesion based on the PDF is less than 5 kPa, 10 kPa, and 15 kPa;
(3) Assess the effect of the type of distribution on the results.
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- Mist (airborne droplets or aerosols) is generated when metal-removing fluids are used in machining operations to cool and lubricate the tool and workpiece. Mist generation is a concern to OSHA, which has recently lowered substantially the workplace standard. An article gave the accompanying data on x = fluid-flow velocity for a 5% soluble oil (cm/sec) and y = the extent of mist droplets having diameters smaller than 10 µm (mg/m³): 90 177 180 354 365 442 964 y 0.38 0.60 0.47 0.66 0.62 0.69 0.91 (a) The investigators performed a simple linear regression analysis to relate the two variables. Does a scatter plot of the data support this strategy? shows a reasonable linear relationship. O No, a scatter plot does not show a reasonable linear relationship. (b) What proportion of observed variation in mist can be attributed to the simple linear regression relationship between velocity and mist? (Round your answer to three decimal places.) (c) The investigators were particularly interested in…17.7 Butterfly wings. Researchers studied the morphological attributes of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), a species that undertakes large seasonal migrations over North America. They measured the forewing weight (in milligrams, mg) of a sample of 92 monarch butterflies, all of which had been reared in captivity in identical conditions.° Figure 17.4 shows the output from the statistical software JMP. (The data are also available in the Large.Butterfly the data file if you wish to practice working with your own software.) Estimate with 95% confidence the mean forewing weight of monarch butterflies reared in captivity. Follow the four- step process as illustrated in Example 17.2. 4 STEP そMP FWweight 30 25 20 15 10 11 12 13 14 15 8 9 10 Summary Statistics Mean 11.795652 Std Dev 1.1759413 Std Err Mean 0.1226004 Upper 95% Mean Lower 95% Mean 1 FIGURE 17.4 Software output (JMP) for the forewing weight of monarch 12.039183 11.552122 92 N. butterflies. CountAn experiment to compare the tension bond strength of polymer latex modified mortar (Portland cement mortar to which polymer latex emulsions have been added during mixing) to that of unmodified mortar resulted in x = 18.18 kgf/cm2 for the modified mortar (m = 42) and y = 16.86 kgf/cm for the unmodified mortar (n = 30). Let µ1 and Hz be the true average tension bond strengths for the modified and unmodified mortars, respectively. Assume that the bond strength distributions are both normal. (a) Assuming that o1 = 1.6 and o2 = 1.3, test Ho: µ1 - 42 = 0 versus H3: µ1 – 42 > 0 at level 0.01. Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) z = P-value = State the conclusion in the problem context. Fail to reject Ho: The data does not suggest that the difference in average tension bond strengths exceeds from 0. o Reject Ho: The data does not suggest that the difference in average tension bond…
- In an experiment to determine factors related to weld toughness, the Charpy V-notch impact toughness in ft - 1b (v) was measured for 22 welds at 0°Č, along with the lateral expansion at the notch in % (x,), and the brittle fracture surface in % (x2). The data are presented in the following table. X1 X2 y 32 20.0 28 39 23.0 28 20 12.8 32 21 16.0 29 25 10.2 31 20 11.6 28 32 17.6 25 29 17.8 28 27 16.0 29 43 26.2 27 22 9.6 32 22 15.2 32 18 8.8 43 32 20.4 24 22 12.2 36 25 14.6 36 25 10.4 29 20 11.6 30 20 12.6 31 24 16.2 36 18 9.2 34 28 16.8 30 a. Fit the model y = Bo + B1 X1 + ɛ. For each coefficient, test the null hypothesis that it is equal to 0. b. Fit the model y = Bo + B, xz + ɛ. For each coefficient, test the null hypothesis that it is equal to 0. c. Fit the model y = Bo + B1 X1 + Bzx2 + ɛ. For each coefficient, test the null hypothesis that it is equal to 0. d. Which of the models in parts (a) through (c) is the best of the three? Why do you think %3D + E. so?An experiment to compare the tension bond strength of polymer latex modified mortar (Portland cement mortar to which polymer latex emulsións have been added during mixing) to that of unmodified mortar resulted in x = 18.11 kgf/cm2 for the modified mortar (m = 42) and y = 16.88 kgf/cm2 for the unmodified mortar (n = 31). Let ₁ and ₂ be the true average tension bond strengths for the modified and unmodified mortars, respectively. Assume that the bond strength distributions are both normal. (a) Assuming that o₁ = 1.6 and ₂ = 1.3, test Ho: ₁ - ₂ = 0 versus H₂: H₁ - H₂> 0 at level 0.01. Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) Z = P-value = State the conclusion in the problem context. O Fail to reject Ho. The data suggests that the difference in average tension bond strengths exceeds 0. Fail to reject Ho. The data does not suggest that the difference in average tension bond strengths…Need help with (c) and (d) Mist (airborne droplets or aerosols) is generated when metal-removing fluids are used in machining operations to cool and lubricate the tool and workpiece. Mist generation is a concern to OSHA, which has recently lowered substantially the workplace standard. An article gave the accompanying data on x = fluid-flow velocity for a 5% soluble oil (cm/sec) and y = the extent of mist droplets having diameters smaller than 10 µm (mg/m3): x 88 177 182 354 369 442 970 y 0.39 0.60 0.50 0.66 0.61 0.69 0.92 (a) The investigators performed a simple linear regression analysis to relate the two variables. Does a scatter plot of the data support this strategy? (b) What proportion of observed variation in mist can be attributed to the simple linear regression relationship between velocity and mist? (Round your answer to three decimal places.) (c) The investigators were particularly interested in the impact on mist of increasing velocity from 100 to 1000 (a…
- Mist (airborne droplets or aerosols) is generated when metal-removing fluids are used in machining operations to cool and lubricate the tool and workpiece. Mist generation is a concern to OSHA, which has recently lowered substantially the workplace standard. An article gave the accompanying data on x = fluid-flow velocity for a 5% soluble oil (cm/sec) and y the extent of mist droplets having diameters smaller than 10 µm (mg/m³): 85 177 190 354 360 442 960 0.39 0.60 0.45 0.66 0.60 0.69 0.90 (a) The investigators performed a simple linear regression analysis to relate the two variables. Does a scatter plot of the data support this strategy? Yes, a scatter plot shows a reasonable linear relationship. No, a scatter plot does not show a reasonable linear relationship. (b) What proportion of observed variation in mist can be attributed to the simple linear regression relationship between velocity and mist? (Round your answer to three decimal places.) (c) The investigators were particularly…1. As heat is added to a material its temperature rises. The heat capacity is a quantitative statement of the increase in temperature for a specified addition of heat. These data are obtained in X, the measured heat capacity of liquid ethylene glycol at constant pressure and 80° C. Measurements are in calories per gram degree Celsius: .645 .654 .640 .627 .626 .649 .629 .631 .643 .633 .646 .630 .634 .631 .651 .659 .638 .645 .655 .624 .658 .658 .658 .647 .665 Assume that X is normally distributed. Find a 95% confidence interval for µ.An experiment to compare the tension bond strength of polymer latex modified mortar (Portland cement mortar to which polymer latex emulsions have been added during mixing) to that of unmodified mortar resulted in x = 18.13 kgf/cm? for the modified mortar (m = 42) and y = 16.85 kgf/cm2 for the unmodified mortar (n = 32). Let u, and u, be the true average tension bond strengths for the modified and unmodified mortars, respectively. Assume that the bond strength distributions are both normal. (a) Assuming that o, = 1.6 and o, = 1.3, test Ho: 4, - H, = 0 versus H: u, - µ, > 0 at level 0.01. Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your p-value to four decimal places.) z = 3.80 P-value = 0.0001 State the conclusion in the problem context. O Fail to reject H,. The data suggests that the difference in average tension bond strengths exceeds 0. O Fail to reject Ho: The data does not suggest that the difference in average…
- Q3) An experiment was carried out to investigate variation of solubility of chemical X in water. The quantities in kg that dissolved in 1 liter at various temperatures are show in the table (1). Table (1) Temperature C Mass of X 2.1 2.6 2.9 3.3 15 20 25 30 35 4 50 5.1 70 7 Use the proper methods to answer the following questions: a) Draw a scatter diagram to show the data. b) Estimate the temperature based on the mass of X. c) What quantity might be expected to dissolve at 42 C? Find the quantity that your cquation indicates would dissolve at 10 C and comment on your answer.The mechanical properties of a metal may be improved by incorporating fine particles of its oxide. Given that the moduli of elasticity of the metal and oxide are, respectively, 50 GPa and 380 GPa, what is the (a) upper-bound, and (b) lower-bound modulus of elasticity values (in GPa) for a composite that has a composition of 0.59 vol% of oxide particles. (a) GPa (b) GPaAn experiment to compare the tension bond strength of polymer latex modified mortar (Portland cement mortar to which polymer latex emulsions have been added during mixing) to that of unmodified mortar resulted in x = 18.17 kgf/cm² for the modified mortar (m = 42) and y = 16.82 kgf/cm² for the unmodified mortar (n = 31). Let μ₁ and ₂ be the true average tension bond strengths for the modified and unmodified mortars, respectively. Assume that the bond strength distributions are both normal. (a) Assuming that 0₁ = 1.6 and 0₂ = 1.3, test Ho: M₁ M₂ = 0 versus Ha: M₁ - H₂> 0 at level 0.01. Calculate the test statistic and determine the P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) Z P-value = (b) Compute the probability of a type Il error for the test of part (a) when µ₁ - H₂ = 1. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) (c) Suppose the investigator decided to use a level 0.05 test and wished B = 0.10 when M₁ M₂ = 1. If m = 42, what…