Consider the bistable circuit below left with the positive input terminal of the op-amp connected to a positive-voltage source Vs through a resistor R3. Derive expressions for the threshold voltages V and VrH in terms of the op-amp saturation levels L+ and L-, as well as R1, R2, R3, and Vs. Let L. = - L- = 9 V, Vs = 12 V, and R1 = 20 k2. Find the values of R2 and R3 that result in VrL = +4.5 V and VTH = +5.5 V. Sketch the v, – Vo characteristics of the bistable circuit. R1 R: (+1)||

4. PD FB IN- 1 2 3 IN+ 4 8 VS+ 7 6 5 OUT NC VS- Using the Op-Amp diagram shown above, draw a line to create: 4.a. non-inverting amplifier 4.b. Inverting amplifier

Figure 6 (a) shows the circuit diagram for a differential amphfier. You may assume that M and M, have identical parameters. Referring to Figure 6 (a): (a) What kind of amplifier is it? What is its role in a three-stage op amp? Draw the small signal equivalent eircuit and derive the differential voltage gain Aag. For the analysis consider RDI RD2 >>Rp State any assumption. (b) RD. gml gm gm, and r re=r What is the new Adr in the circuit of Figure 6 (b), where a PMOS current source has replaced the two drain resistors Ror R Rp and a NMOS current sink has replaced the source resistor Rs? (c) What are the advantages in using the circuit of Figure 6 (b) instead of Figure 6 (a) to realize an op amp? (d) Ven Ms Mg Rp1 Rpa Vo HM, My M Ma M3 Vss 0 V Vss 0 V Figure 6(b) Figure 6 (a)

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A certain op-amp has three internal amplifier stages with midrange gains of 30 dB, 40 dB, and 20 dB. Each stage also has a critical frequency associated with it as follows: fc1 = 600 Hz, fc2 = 50 kHz, and fc3 = 200 kHz. (a) What is the midrange open-loop gain of the op-amp, expressed in dB? (b) What is the total phase shift through the amplifier, including inversion, when the signal frequency is 10 kHz?

2. Suppose we have an op-amp that is powered by a ±15 V supply (assume Vout max is ±14V), and has a maximum output current of 50 mA. The maximum slew rate of the op amp is 107 V/s. In the circuit below where Vin=5sin(100t). a. What would the output voltage Vout be if the op amp were ideal? b. Compute and draw the actual output voltage if a load resistor of Rload=100 N is attached to Vout. Vin ww 1 ΚΩ ww 4 ΚΩ + +15V Op-Amp -15V Vout

Q1 (a) (b) Considering an op-amp, define what is meant by input offset voltage (Vos) and explain what causes it. Figure Qla shows an integrating amplifier with zero input. Derive an expression for the output voltage, Vo, and explain the effect that Vos will have on its operation. R W Vos C Figure Qla A •V₂